Background effects on Faraday collectors in gas‐source mass spectrometry and implications for clumped isotope measurements

Bernasconi, Stefano M.; Bin, Hu; Wacker, Ulrike; Fiebig, Jens; Breitenbach, Sebastian F. M.; Rutz, Tanja

doi:10.1002/rcm.6490

Cited by 133 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This had already been shown by Yeung et al (2012) to affect the measurements of O 2 and was confirmed also by Petrizzo and Young (2014). These backgrounds vary with time, instrument, and ion source conditions and show a strong negative correlation with the CO 2 pressure in the source (Bernasconi et al, 2013; Meckler et al, 2014). Because the magnitude of these backgrounds is controlled by the intensity of the m/z 44 ion beam, it affects the calculated δ 47 ratio differently for different beam intensities, requiring an intensity‐proportional correction.…”

Section: Nomenclature and Isotopic Scales For Clumped Isotopes In Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a sample with a positive δ 47 value the relative proportion of the BG on the m/z 47 signal will be lower than that of the WG, thus leading to an overestimation of Δ 47 . This is the origin of the slope of the heated gas line, and heated gases have been used to demonstrate that negative BGs can be properly corrected after independent determination of the background in the presence of gas (Bernasconi et al, 2013; He et al, 2012). The characterization of negative background, their effect on Δ 47 and correction procedures, has been described in detail in Bernasconi et al (2013), He et al (2012), and Müller, Fernandez, et al (2017).…”

Section: Nomenclature and Isotopic Scales For Clumped Isotopes In Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate‐Based Standardization

Bernasconi

Müller

Bergmann

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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218

380

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About a decade after its introduction, the field of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry is rapidly expanding because of the large number of possible applications and its potential to solve long‐standing questions in Earth Sciences. Major factors limiting the application of this method are the very high analytical precision required for meaningful interpretations, the relatively complex sample preparation procedures, and the mass spectrometric corrections needed. In this paper we first briefly review the evolution of the analytical and standardization procedures and discuss the major remaining sources of uncertainty. We propose that the use of carbonate standards to project the results to the carbon dioxide equilibrium scale can improve interlaboratory data comparability and help to solve long‐standing discrepancies between laboratories and temperature calibrations. The use of carbonates reduces uncertainties related to gas preparation and cleaning procedures and ensures equal treatment of samples and standards. We present a set of carbonate standards of diverse composition, discuss how they can be used to correct for mass spectrometric biases, and demonstrate that their use significantly improves the comparability among four laboratories. We propose that the use of these standards or of a similar set of carbonate standards will improve the comparability of data across laboratories.

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Section: Nomenclature and Isotopic Scales For Clumped Isotopes In Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nomenclature and Isotopic Scales For Clumped Isotopes In Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate‐Based Standardization

Bernasconi

Müller

Bergmann

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

Self Cite

218

380

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“…The Pressure Base Line (PBL) on all Faraday cups was determined on a daily basis by peak scanning at 4-5 different m/z 44 intensities as described in Bernasconi et al (52) and subsequently used for correction. The full correction scheme is described in detail by Meckler et al (53).…”

Section: Eth Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A warm and poorly ventilated deep Arctic Mediterranean during the last glacial period

Thornalley

Bauch

Gebbie

et al. 2015

Science

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Changes in the formation of dense water in the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas (the 'Arctic Mediterranean', AM) likely contributed to the altered climate of the last glacial period. We examine past changes in AM circulation by reconstructing 14 C ventilation ages of the deep Nordic Seas over the last 30,000 years. Our results show that the deep glacial AM was extremely poorly ventilated (ventilation ages of up to 10,000 years). Subsequent episodic overflow of aged water into the mid-depth North Atlantic occurred during deglaciation. Proxy data also suggest the deep glacial AM was ~2-3°C warmer than modern; deglacial mixing of the deep AM with the upper ocean thus potentially contributed to melting sea-ice and icebergs, as well as proximal terminal icesheet margins.One Sentence Summary: New proxy data reveals the extremely poor ventilation of a warmer, glacial deep Arctic Mediterranean, which overflowed into the Northeast Atlantic during the last deglaciation. Main Text:The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays an important role in Earth's climate because it redistributes ocean heat and helps control the storage of carbon in the deep ocean. The primary northern hemisphere sources of dense water supplied to the AMOC are produced in the Arctic Mediterranean (1). Here, warm surface waters from the Atlantic flow northwards and circulate around the AM via several different pathways, gradually cooling, thereby releasing heat to the atmosphere, and becoming denser. Much of this water mass transformation is thought to occur in the Nordic Seas via intermediate and deep open ocean convection, with a smaller contribution from the Arctic that also involves the addition of dense waters from brine-2 enhanced shelf water production (1, 2). The dense water produced by these processes overflows the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR), ultimately forming lower North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), as part of the deep southward return flow of the AMOC.Because of the northward heat transfer associated with the flow of warm surface water to convection sites, changes in deep water formation in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas are thought to be associated with the altered climate of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the abrupt climate events of the last deglaciation (~19 to 7 thousand years ago, ka), such as the northern hemisphere cold intervals Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) and the Younger Dryas (YD) (3-5), which affected global climate (6,7). In this study we investigate circulation changes over the past 30 ka in the deep Norwegian Sea (and by inference, the broader AM) by reconstructing radiocarbon ventilation age and deep ocean temperature. Our results reveal an absence of deep convection within the AM throughout much of the last glacial and deglaciation and instead suggest the presence of a relatively warm and extremely poorly ventilated water mass in the glacial deep AM that subsequently overflowed southward into the North Atlantic during the deglaciation.North Atlantic radiocarbon reconstructions. Several studies...

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“…A tömegspektrométer detektorjain a 44-es tömegszám/töltés arányú ionsugárból származó másodla -gos elektronok negatív hátteret okoznak. A háttér korrekció (PBL -Pressure Baseline Correction, background correction) során ez a hatás kiküszöbölhető, például a 49-es tömegszám/töltés intenzitásának és a 47-es tömegszám/ töltés intenzitásának az összevetésével (BERNASCONI et al 2013. A tömegspektrométer ionforrás-állapotától függően számolni kell a δ 47 -∆ 47 értékek közötti korrelációval (scale compression, 5. egyenlet).…”

Section: A Mérés Meneteunclassified

“…Kiemelt cél a hatékonyság és a precizitás növelése, illetve a szükséges mintamennyiség csökkentése (pl. HE et al 2012, BERNASCONI et al 2013, ROSENHEIM et al 2013, CUI & WANG 2014, HU et al 2014, RÖCKMANN et al 2016. A kalibrációs munkák célja az alkalmazhatóság kiterjesztése szélesebb hőmérsékleti tartományokra (pl.…”

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Kapcsolt izotópok (clumped isotopes) a földtudományi kutatásokban

Kele

Bajnai

2017

Földt. Közl.

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BevezetésA geokémiai vizsgálatok mára a geológia minden terü -letén -az őslénytantól a rétegtanon át, a paleoklíma kutatásig -megkerülhetetlenné váltak. Az izotóp-geokémia tör té nete a XX. század első felére nyúlik vissza. Az első tömegspektrométer megalkotása 1947-ben Alfred NIER nevé hez fűződik. Ebben az időben publikálta UREY (1947), valamint BIGELEISEN & MAYER (1947 O egy többszörösen helyettesített CO 2 izotopológ). Mivel az ilyen izotopológok rendkívül alacsony előfordulási aránya a mérésüket korábban lehetetlenné tette, a többszörösen helyettesített izotopológok egészen az 1980-as évek végéig érintetlen kutatási területnek számítottak. Az első, kifejezetten erre a témára irányuló kutatás az atmoszféra metán -jának izotópos összetételét vizsgálta (MROZ et al. 1989 O isotopes within one molecule. Using the clumped isotope thermometer, the temperature of the carbonate precipitating fluids can be determined with high precision, based solely on the clumped isotope value (∆ 47 ) of carbonates. Besides palaeoclimatology, the method can be used in several research fields in geology, including palaeoceanography, atmospheric research, reservoir geology, geomorphology, structural geology, diagenesis, biogeochemistry, low temperature metamorphic processes, and meteorite research. Due to continuous developments, the number of applications is still significantly increasing. This paper briefly introduces the reader to the principles of clumped isotope geochemistry, reviewing its theoretical basis, and possible applications, and also looks at available calibrations. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art.Keywords: stable isotopes, clumped isotopes, geochemistry, thermometry, climate reconstruction, methodology Összefoglalás A kapcsoltizotóp-geokémia (clumped isotope geochemistry), egy olyan új, dinamikusan fejlődő kutatási módszer, amely a 13 C és a 18 O izotópok egy molekulán belüli kapcsolódásának hőmérsékletfüggésén alapszik. Segítségével a karbonátok kiválási hőmérséklete nagy pontossággal meghatározható, kizárólag a karbonát fázis kapcsoltizotóp-értéke (∆ 47 ) alapján. A paleoklimatológiai alkalmazások mellett a módszer a geológiai kutatások számos területén (pl. paleooceanográfia, atmoszféra-kutatás, rezervoár-geológia, geomorfológia, tektonika, diagenezis, biogeokémia, alacsony hőmérsékletű metamorf folyamatok, meteorit-kutatás, stb.) alkalmazható, és a műszerfejlesztések révén az alkal mazá -sok köre folyamatosan bővül. A cikk röviden áttekinti a kapcsolt izotópos módszert, bemutatva annak alapjait, a rendelkezésre álló kalibrációkat, a lehetséges alkalmazási területeket és a témában eddig megjelent publikációkat.

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Background effects on Faraday collectors in gas‐source mass spectrometry and implications for clumped isotope measurements

Cited by 133 publications

References 15 publications

Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate‐Based Standardization

Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Clumped Isotope Analysis Through Consistent Carbonate‐Based Standardization

A warm and poorly ventilated deep Arctic Mediterranean during the last glacial period

Kapcsolt izotópok (clumped isotopes) a földtudományi kutatásokban

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