Backchannel responses as strategic responses in bilingual speakers’ conversations

Heinz, Bettina

doi:10.1016/s0378-2166(02)00190-x

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Tao and Thompson (1991) reported that native Chinese who were fluent in English had a tendency to switch code, using English backchannel responses. Heinz (2003) found that German bilinguals had a tendency to converge to American backchannel style even when conversing with their German friends.…”

Section: Categories Of Backchannel Responses and Catmentioning

confidence: 97%

Backchannel Responses as Misleading Feedback in Intercultural Discourse

Li¹

2006

Journal of Intercultural Communication Research

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This study examined the relationship between the frequency of backchannel responses and listener recall scores in inter-and intra-cultural conversations. The nature of the study was a simulated physician-patient interaction. Participants were 40 Canadians and 40 Chinese who formed 40 dyads in four experimental conditions: Canadian physician/Canadian patient, Chinese physician/Chinese patient, Chinese physician/ Canadian patient, and Canadian physician/Chinese patient. All conversations were video-taped and micro-analyzed. The data generated three intriguing findings. (1) There were significant positive correlations between backchannel responses and listener recall scores in the two intra-cultural groups, indicating that backchannel responses facilitated content communication. (2) There were significant negative correlations between backchannel responses and listener recall scores in the two inter-cultural groups, indicating that backchannel responses might have served as misleading feedback and caused mis-communication. (3) The Chinese/Chinese condition had the highest backchannel responses; the Canadian/Canadian condition had the lowest with the two inter-cultural groups in between. This finding provides support for the Communication Accommodation theory. Implications for verbal and nonverbal communication training in intercultural interactions were discussed.

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Section: Categories Of Backchannel Responses and Catmentioning

confidence: 97%

Backchannel Responses as Misleading Feedback in Intercultural Discourse

Li¹

2006

Journal of Intercultural Communication Research

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“…Backchannel behaviors are universal across cultures, but there are cultural diferences in terms of their frequency, type, and placement [8][9][10][11]. Listeners are expected to produce culturally appropriate types of responses toward speakers; otherwise, they are viewed as being inatentive, interrupting the conversation, or not showing empathy [12].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Listeners are expected to produce culturally appropriate types of responses toward speakers; otherwise, they are viewed as being inatentive, interrupting the conversation, or not showing empathy [12]. Heinz [9] explored backchannel responses among German and American English speakers and found that German speakers used fewer backchannel responses and placed them less frequently in overlapping positions compared to American English speakers. Clancy et al [6] explored reactive tokens with English-, Japanese-, and Mandarin-speakers.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Behaviors in Conversational Speech among Japanese- and English-Speaking Parents and Their Toddlers

Yamashita¹

2017

Advances in Speech-Language Pathology

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The present study aimed at exploring the responses of listeners in conversational speech between parents and toddlers. Children's responses toward parents and parents' responses toward children were the focus of this study. Participants included ive dyads each of typically developing two-year-old toddlers and their parents from Japanese-and English-speaking families. Responses of a mother/father toward a child or a child toward a mother/father were classiied into three categories: non-lexical backchannels (e.g., hoo, nn, hai), phrasal backchannels (e.g., hontoo "really," soo desu ka "is that right?"), and repetition. The results showed that the average ratio of overall backchannels and repetitions produced by parents was quite similar in both languages and was much greater than that produced by children in both languages. Among Japanese-speaking parents, non-lexical backchannels and repetitions were preferred to phrasal backchannels, while among English-speaking parents non-lexical backchannels were most frequently used. With Japanese-speaking parents, almost half of the repetitions were exact repetitions.They frequently repeated what a child had said and added the sentence-inal particle "ne" or content words. These indings are expected to be useful in understanding response behaviors in spoken communication between parents and their children.

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“…Therefore, the balanced bilingual speaker tends to converge with other native speakers of their first language when they are engaged in a friendly conversation. Heinz (2003) examined the differences of back channel behavior in interactions between monolingual and bilingual Germans. He found significant differences in the frequency and placement of back channel responses among monolingual German speakers and monolingual American English speakers.…”

Section: Malihehyazdfazeli Khalil Motallebzadeh and Mohammad Ali Fatemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit Back-Channel Strategy Training and Improvement of Speaking Skill: Case of Iranian Efl Learners

Yazdfazeli

Motallebzadeh

Fatemi

2017

IEFLJ

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APA Citation: Yazdfazeli, M. Motallebzadeh, K., Fatemi, M. A. (2015). Explicit back-channel strategy training and improvement of speaking skill: case of Iranian EFL learners. Doff (1990) and Harmer (1991), post-test oral proficiency test was administered for experimental and control groups. The findings of pretest and posttest oral exams revealed that EFL language learners' oral performance (speaking) in experimental groups improved. The result revealed that females employed back-channels more often than males when they were participating in a conversation. The type of back-channel both genders employed the most was short utterances, such as 'yes', and the most used function of back-channel was request for clarification. The results of this thesis will provide language teachers, EFL language learners, researchers, material developers, and readers, useful information about the types and functions of back channels that are needed to develop speaking ability appropriately through explicit teaching.

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Backchannel responses as strategic responses in bilingual speakers’ conversations

Cited by 67 publications

References 38 publications

Backchannel Responses as Misleading Feedback in Intercultural Discourse

Backchannel Responses as Misleading Feedback in Intercultural Discourse

Response Behaviors in Conversational Speech among Japanese- and English-Speaking Parents and Their Toddlers

Explicit Back-Channel Strategy Training and Improvement of Speaking Skill: Case of Iranian Efl Learners

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