Back to Work: Growing with Jobs in Europe and Central Asia

Abstract

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The changing nature of jobs in Central and Eastern Europe

“…This pattern was identified in the ten CEE countries that joined the EU between 2004 and 2013 [9], and again, in a separate study, in Poland and six other emerging economies around the world (Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, India, Sri Lanka, and Turkey) [10]. Similar changes were identified in the former Commonwealth of Independent States and other CEE countries [11]. In most cases, the rise of cognitive work at the expense PIOTR LEWANDOWSKI | The changing nature of jobs in Central and Eastern Europe of manual work was stronger among younger workers (born after 1974) than among older workers [11].…”

“…Similar changes were identified in the former Commonwealth of Independent States and other CEE countries [11]. In most cases, the rise of cognitive work at the expense PIOTR LEWANDOWSKI | The changing nature of jobs in Central and Eastern Europe of manual work was stronger among younger workers (born after 1974) than among older workers [11].…”

“…The US O*NET database is the most reliable data source today and most often used in studies on low-and middle-income countries [1], [9], [10], [11]. Such studies assume that the contents of particular occupations around the world are the same as in the US.…”

Institutional Barriers and Job Creation in Central and Eastern Europe

“…Given the importance of the business environment for FDI inflows, reducing business restrictions should in addition increase medium-run and longrun productivity and overall competitiveness and indirectly contribute to job creation. As highlighted in Arias et al (2013), a sound business environment, however, seems to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for sustained job creation.…”

“…Arias et al (2013) reveals evidence that net job creation at the intensive margin in the region has typically been led by a handful of firms, many of them young enterprises. On average, about 10-15 percent of all firms accounted for over two-thirds of net job creation in the Europe and Central Asia region in the years leading to the crisis, and this pattern holds regardless of whether the entire enterprise sector is experiencing net job creation or net job destruction 20 .…”