Back to the roots and routes of dromedary domestication

Orlando, Ludovic

doi:10.1073/pnas.1606340113

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…If the nDNA allele polymorphism occurred before the divergence of the E. canadensis lineages or even earlier, some nuclear alleles could be shared by different lineages or Echinococcus spp. However, it is reasonable to assume that the divergence of ''domestic alleles" and ''sylvatic alleles" resulted from the divergence of G6/G7 and G10, and could be associated with processes of domestication of dogs or ruminants starting nearly 14-15 thousand years ago (Shannon et al, 2015;Orland, 2016), because these alleles generally show affinities to particular hosts. Considering the mtDNA phylogeny, separation of G8 should have preceded the divergence of ''domestic" and ''sylvatic" alleles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific status of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences

Yanagida

Lavikainen

Hoberg

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology

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The specific status of Echinococcus canadensis has long been controversial, mainly because it consists of the mitochondrial lineages G6, G7, G8 and G10 with different host affinity: G6 (camel strain) and G7 (pig strain) with domestic cycles and G8 (cervid strain) and G10 (Fennoscandian cervid strain) with sylvatic or semi-domestic cycles. There is an argument whether the mitochondrial lineages should be recognised as separate species which correspond to the biological or epidemiological aggregation. In the present study, the specific status of E. canadensis was investigated using mitochondrial DNA and single copy nuclear DNA markers. Nucleotide sequences of complete mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and partial nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and DNA polymerase delta (pold) were determined for 48 isolates of E. canadensis collected from different hosts in a wide range of regions. The mitochondrial phylogeny of cox1 showed that all the isolates were clearly divided into three clades corresponding to G6/G7, G8 and G10. Five and three alleles were confirmed at pepck and pold loci, respectively. These alleles were generally divided into two groups corresponding to G6/G7 or G8 and G10. However, allele sharing was confirmed among individuals belonging to different lineages. The allele sharing occurred primarily in regions where different mitochondrial DNA lineages were found in sympatry. The resultant nuclear mitochondrial discordance suggests the genetic exchangeability among E. canadensis isolates belonging to different lineages. An apparently mosaic parasite fauna that reflects faunal mixing due to natural and anthropogenic disturbance, including introductions and invasion, precludes us from designating each of G6/G7, G8 and G10 into a different species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific status of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences

Yanagida

Lavikainen

Hoberg

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…The genetics of the domestication of dromedary was reviewed by Orlando (2016) , and was traced to the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, north of Africa and beyond. This was supported by the microsatellites and mitochondrial markers of Almathen et al (2016) , coinciding with the rise of the Ottoman Empire some 600 ya.…”

Section: Domestication Of Camelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting morphobiometric and genomic variability of African indigenous camel populations-A review

et al. 2022

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Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Africa are adapted to arid and the semi-arid environmental conditions, and are valuable for meat, milk and fiber production. On account of the growing demand for camels in this continent, there is a need for knowledge on their phenotypic and genetic diversity. This is fundamental to sustainable herd management and utilization including the design of appropriate breeding and conservation strategies. We reviewed studies on the phenotypic and genetic characterization, breeding objectives, systems of production, productive and reproductive performances, and pathways for the sustainable rearing and use of camels in Africa. The morphological and genetic diversity, productive and reproductive abilities of African camels suggest the existence of genetic variations that can be utilized for breeds/ecotypes’ genetic improvement and conservation. Possible areas of intervention include the establishment of open nucleus and community-based breeding schemes and utilization of modern reproductive technologies for the genetic improvement of milk and meat yields, sustainable management of rangelands, capacity building of the pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, institutional supports, formation of centralized conservation centres and efficient and effective marketing systems.

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“…Regardless of their socio-economic importance, our knowledge concerning the process and location of Bactrian camel domestication remains ambiguous, mostly due to the limited occurrence of their remains in well-dated archaeological contexts (e.g. Burger et al, 2019; Kuzmina, 2015; Orlando, 2016). Despite the genetic evidence of a single domestication process (Trinks et al, 2012), two potential regions of Bactrian camel domestication were suggested – northeastern Iran and southwestern Turkmenistan, characterized today by the highest genetic diversity of Bactrian camels (Burger et al, 2019; Kuzmina, 2015); or areas located further to the east, for example, Kazakhstan or northwestern Mongolia, where people lived alongside wild camels for an extended period (Burger et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of Holocene climate changes on camel breeding practices of Neolithic pastoralists in the Central Asian drylands: A preliminary assessment

et al. 2022

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Archaeological findings from the Neolithic open-air location Ayakagytma ‘The Site’, situated in the south-eastern part of the Kyzyl-kum Desert in Uzbekistan, can potentially shed new light on the camel domestication process in the Central Asian drylands and help to connect it to regional changes of paleoclimate. Detailed analyses of composition and 13C isotopic ratios of fatty acids performed on potsherds from an archaeological horizon of a Keltaminar culture dated at 3000–4000 cal BC combined with analogical analyses of modern camel and horse milk samples from Uzbekistan indicated a plausible possibility that camels were kept and milked by stockbreeders of Ayakagytma during this time period. The observed herding practices based almost exclusively on camel husbandry, as opposed to earlier more balanced herds of cattle, horses and camels, were probably an adaptation to climate transition from relatively humid to relatively dry, and the following changes in vegetation. Such climatic shift did not correspond with the general trend of Holocene moisture changes over the Westerlies-dominated Central Asia. However, it was in accordance with wet-to-dry climate transitions recorded in sediments of several lakes in the same region at around 4000 cal BP. The observed changes in Neolithic stockbreeding practices, as other inconsistencies in Holocene moisture evolution over a massive area of arid Central Asia, may have resulted from local manifestations of globally-forced climate changes and/or from local hydrographic alterations unrelated to paleoclimate.

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Back to the roots and routes of dromedary domestication

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Specific status of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences

Specific status of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences

Exploiting morphobiometric and genomic variability of African indigenous camel populations-A review

Potential impact of Holocene climate changes on camel breeding practices of Neolithic pastoralists in the Central Asian drylands: A preliminary assessment

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