“…Similarly, it is evident that, notwithstanding the accomplishments of computational theories of reinforcement learning in modelling neural and psychological factors (e.g., Dayan and Daw, 2008;Rangel et al, 2008;Schultz, 2008), the use of rewards in this area is a great simplification of the true nature of rewards . Although new ways to enrich the reinforcement learning ontology with ethological and evolutionary information have been reported (Alonso et al, 2015), the problem of integrating reward-driven approaches and fitness theories has not been tackled so far. It is apparent that whereas rewards reflect some fitness component, a general relationship between strength of rewards and fitness needs to be established.…”