Back to Nature: Combating Candida albicans Biofilm, Phospholipase and Hemolysin Using Plant Essential Oils

El-Baz, Ahmed M.; Mosbah, Rasha; Goda, Reham M.; Mansour, Basem; Sultana, Taranum; Dahms, Tanya E. S.; El-Ganiny, Amira M.

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10010081

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(107 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Then, the optical density (OD) of this solution was measured at 595 nm with a microplate reader (BioTek, Elx808). Finally, the biofilms were classified using the following formula ( Abraham et al, 2020 ; El-Baz et al, 2021 ):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription Factors of CAT1, EFG1, and BCR1 Are Effective in Persister Cells of Candida albicans-Associated HIV-Positive and Chemotherapy Patients

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBiofilm is an accumulation of cells, which are formed on mucosal surfaces of the host as well as on medical devices. The inherent resistance of Candida strains producing biofilms to antimicrobial agents is an important and key feature for biofilm growth, which can lead to treatment failure. This resistance is due to the regulatory increase of the output pumps, the presence of extracellular matrix, and the existence of persister cells. Persister cells are phenotypic variants that have MICs similar to antibiotic-sensitive populations and are able to tolerate high doses of antibiotics. The current study investigated the possible role of EFG1, BCR1, and CAT1 in the establishment or maintenance of persister cells in Candida albicans strains that produce biofilms.MethodsAfter identifying Candida isolates by molecular methods, C. albicans isolates were confirmed by sequencing. Isolation of persister cells and determination of their MIC were performed by microdilution method. Then, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed from 60 C. albicans isolates under promoting and inducing conditions. Afterward, the mean expression of BCR1, EFG1, and CAT1 genes in both persister and non-persister groups was calculated using real-time qPCR. Phylogeny tree of persister and non-persister group isolates was drawn using ITS fragment.ResultsA total of 77 persister isolates were taken from the oral cavity of HIV patients as well as from patients undergoing chemotherapy. Biofilm intensity in persister isolates separated from HIV-infected patients was different from the non-persister group. The mean fold change of BCR1 (10.73), CAT1 (15.34), and EFG1 (2.41) genes in persister isolates was significantly higher than these genes in isolates without persister.ConclusionIt can be concluded that the most important factor in the production of persister cells is biofilm binding and production, not biofilm development or mature biofilm production, which was found in the expression of BCR1 gene without change in the expression of EFG1 gene in the persister group. Also, catalase plays an essential role in the production of persister in C. albicans biofilm producers with ROS detoxification.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription Factors of CAT1, EFG1, and BCR1 Are Effective in Persister Cells of Candida albicans-Associated HIV-Positive and Chemotherapy Patients

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This means that DVA would reduce the Candida counts and improve the oral hygiene, which would further decrease the Candida counts [ 131 ]. Nevertheless, beneficial plant-derived compounds can be further explored for their cytotoxic effects and in vivo efficacy and developed into mouthrinses or oral gels [ 132 , 133 ]. In clinical trials, drug formulas prepared from essential oils derived from Pelargonium graveole and Melaleuca alternifolia have shown good efficacy in denture wearers and HIV patients [ 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ].…”

Section: Prevention and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Cavity and Candida albicans: Colonisation to the Development of Infection

Patel

2022

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Candida colonisation of the oral cavity increases in immunocompromised individuals which leads to the development of oral candidiasis. In addition, host factors such as xerostomia, smoking, oral prostheses, dental caries, diabetes and cancer treatment accelerate the disease process. Candida albicans is the primary causative agent of this infection, owing to its ability to form biofilm and hyphae and to produce hydrolytic enzymes and candialysin. Although mucosal immunity is activated, from the time hyphae-associated toxin is formed by the colonising C. albicans cells, an increased number and virulence of this pathogenic organism collectively leads to infection. Prevention of the development of infection can be achieved by addressing the host physiological factors and habits. For maintenance of oral health, conventional oral hygiene products containing antimicrobial compounds, essential oils and phytochemicals can be considered, these products can maintain the low number of Candida in the oral cavity and reduce their virulence. Vulnerable patients should be educated in order to increase compliance.

show abstract

“…Essential oils (EOs) have been recognized to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and even SARs-CoV-2 virus (Chouhan et al, 2017;Tartor and Hassan, 2017;Asif et al, 2020;Mahboub and Tartor, 2020). The significant antifungal activity of EOs implies that they might be used as a natural anti-biofilm product (Sharifzadeh et al, 2016;El-Baz et al, 2021). Other less toxic natural products that have received attention are antimicrobial proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Anti-Biofilm Agents and Phagocytes Enhancers for the Treatment of Candida albicans Biofilm–Associated Infections

Tartor

Elmowalid

Hassan

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Little is known about the interactions among phagocytes and antifungal agents and the antifungal immunomodulatory activities on Candida species biofilms. Here, inhibition of C. albicans biofilms and the interactions among biofilms and phagocytes alone or in combination with essential oils, biological, and chemical agents, or fluconazole were investigated. Biofilm formation by a panel of 28 C. albicans clinical isolates from hospitalized patients, birds, and cattle was tested. The anti-biofilm activities of cinnamon and clove oils, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and Enterococcus faecalis cell-free supernatant (CFS) in comparison with fluconazole were investigated using crystal violet and XTT reduction assays, expression of hypha-specific and hyphal regulator genes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Of the tested C. albicans isolates, 15 of 28 (53.6%) were biofilm producers. Cinnamon followed by E. faecalis–CFS, SDS, and CTAB was the most effective inhibitors of planktonic C. albicans and biofilms. Fluconazole was an ineffective inhibitor of C. albicans biofilms. Sessile minimal inhibitory concentration (SMIC50) of cinnamon, SDS, CTAB, and E. faecalis–CFS downregulated the hypha-specific and regulator genes, albeit to various extents, when compared with untreated biofilms (P < 0.001). SEM analysis revealed disruption and deformity of three-dimensional structures in cinnamon oil–treated biofilms. C. albicans sessile cells within biofilm were less susceptible to phagocytosis than planktonic cells. The additive effects of phagocytes and the tested antifungals enabled phagocytes to engulf C. albicans cells rapidly in cinnamon, E. faecalis–CFS, or SDS-treated biofilms. No differences in anti-Candida or anti-biofilm eradication activities were detected among the tested isolates. Our findings reinforce the substantial anti-biofilm activity of cinnamon oil, SDS, and E. faecalis–CFS and provide new avenues for the development of novel anti-biofilm immunotherapies or antifungals that could be used prior to or during the management of cases with biofilm-associated infections.

show abstract

Back to Nature: Combating Candida albicans Biofilm, Phospholipase and Hemolysin Using Plant Essential Oils

Cited by 40 publications

References 73 publications

Transcription Factors of CAT1, EFG1, and BCR1 Are Effective in Persister Cells of Candida albicans-Associated HIV-Positive and Chemotherapy Patients

Transcription Factors of CAT1, EFG1, and BCR1 Are Effective in Persister Cells of Candida albicans-Associated HIV-Positive and Chemotherapy Patients

Oral Cavity and Candida albicans: Colonisation to the Development of Infection

Promising Anti-Biofilm Agents and Phagocytes Enhancers for the Treatment of Candida albicans Biofilm–Associated Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About