Back to basics ephrins, axonal guidance, neuroprotection and glaucoma

Cordeiro, M. Francesca; Erskine, Lynda

doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.116368

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(5 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… 23 The molecular and cellular mechanisms of axon bundle structural changes remain to be fully investigated in disease conditions. 43 – 45 It has been observed that, as the RGC axon bundles deteriorate, they become thinner and sparser across the retina, 46 which would result in a more rapid change in density away from the ONH and a higher Sholl regression coefficient, corresponding to a lower r max . Therefore, an increasing Sholl regression coefficient over time could be an indicator of dying RGCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy for Quantitative Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles

Miller

Grannonico

Liu

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To develop a practical technique for visualizing and quantifying retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon bundles in vivo. Methods: We applied visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) to image the RGC axon bundles, referred to as vis-OCT fibergraphy, of healthy wild-type C57BL/6 mice. After vis-OCT imaging, retinas were flat-mounted, immunostained with anti-beta-III tubulin (Tuj1) antibody for RGC axons, and imaged with confocal microscopy. We quantitatively compared the RGC axon bundle networks imaged by in vivo vis-OCT and ex vivo confocal microscopy using semi-log Sholl analysis. Results: Side-by-side comparison of ex vivo confocal microscopy and in vivo vis-OCT confirmed that vis-OCT fibergraphy captures true RGC axon bundle networks. The semilog Sholl regression coefficients extracted from vis-OCT fibergrams (3.7 ± 0.8 mm-1) and confocal microscopy (3.6 ± 0.3 mm-1) images also showed good agreement with each other (n = 6). Conclusions: We demonstrated the feasibility of using vis-OCT fibergraphy to visualize RGC axon bundles. Further applying Sholl analysis has the potential to identify biomarkers for non-invasively assessing RGC health. Translational Relevance: Our novel technique for visualizing and quantifying RGC axon bundles in vivo provides a potential measurement tool for diagnosing and tracking the progression of optic neuropathies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy for Quantitative Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles

Miller

Grannonico

Liu

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It must be noted that a variety of proteins are also known to have inhibitory and/or suppressing effects on axon regeneration [47] and therefore, in order to guide RGCs axons to their targets, various neurotrophic factors and guidance cues should also be applied [47,115]. For instance, Cordeiro et al suggested that focusing on the development of specific axonal guidance molecules such as Ephrins can be an important area of future glaucoma research [138]. EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and EphB2 axon guidance molecules were investigated by Du et al [139] in earlier glaucoma pathogenesis studies and have been identified as having important roles in axon guidance.…”

Section: Cell Survival and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Tissue Bioengineering, Materials and Methods for the Treatment of Glaucoma

Behtaj

Öchsner

Anissimov

et al. 2020

Tissue Eng Regen Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:Glaucoma, a characteristic type of optic nerve degeneration in the posterior pole of the eye, is a common cause of irreversible vision loss and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. As an optic neuropathy, glaucoma is identified by increasing degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with consequential vision loss. Current treatments only postpone the development of retinal degeneration, and there are as yet no treatments available for this disability. Recent studies have shown that replacing lost or damaged RGCs with healthy RGCs or RGC precursors, supported by appropriately designed bio-material scaffolds, could facilitate the development and enhancement of connections to ganglion cells and optic nerve axons. The consequence may be an improved retinal regeneration. This technique could also offer the possibility for retinal regeneration in treating other forms of optic nerve ailments through RGC replacement. Methods:In this brief review, we describe the innovations and recent developments in retinal regenerative medicine such as retinal organoids and gene therapy which are specific to glaucoma treatment and focus on the selection of appropriate bio-engineering principles, biomaterials and cell therapies that are presently employed in this growing research area. Results:Identification of optimal sources of cells, improving cell survival, functional integration upon transplantation, and developing techniques to deliver cells into the retinal space without provoking immune responses are the main challenges in retinal cell replacement therapies. Conclusion:The restoration of visual function in glaucoma patients by the RGC replacement therapies requires appropriate protocols and biotechnology methods. Tissue-engineered scaffolds, the generation of retinal organoids, and gene therapy may help to overcome some of the challenges in the generation of clinically safe RGCs.

show abstract

“…Therefore, it is postulated that the inhibition of ephrins may offer a new strategy in preventing effects of neurodegeneration in the retina secondary to raised IOP. [64][65][66] Heat shock proteins Heat shock proteins are groups of different proteins expressed as a reaction to cell stress. These proteins enhance survivability of cells exposed to what would otherwise be a lethal stress.…”

Section: Ephrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Therapeutic Regimens for Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

2011

Clinical Medicine Reviews in Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glaucoma is the name given to a group of diseases characterized by incurable, progressive, multifactorial optic neuropathy. It is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Ocular hypertension (OH) is the term used to describe the presence of raised intraocular pressure (the most important risk factor for the development of glaucoma) in the absence of demonstrable glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The management of glaucoma and OH requires a holistic and rational approach, taking into account a number of factors. Treatment needs to be individualized depending on patient age, the severity and type of glaucoma, associated medical conditions, the condition of the ocular surface, tolerability of topical medication, and patient wishes. An understanding of the mechanism of glaucoma and its etiology in a particular patient is crucial for the initiation of appropriate treatment. This review article summarizes the existing medical management of glaucoma and OH, including pharmacology, mode of action, and safety profile for each major group of medication, and reviews current advances and future developments in treatment for glaucoma, including experimental medications, together with a summary of their modes of action, pharmacology, and safety profiles. It is hoped that readers will become more aware of the evolution of the next generation glaucoma and OH medications.

show abstract

Back to basics ephrins, axonal guidance, neuroprotection and glaucoma

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy for Quantitative Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy for Quantitative Imaging of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles

Retinal Tissue Bioengineering, Materials and Methods for the Treatment of Glaucoma

Emerging Therapeutic Regimens for Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About