“…The nursing profession ranks second after industrial work where physical workload is concerned (Engels et al, 1994). Among nurses, low back pain is known to be the most frequently occurring MSD, with the 12-month prevalence ranging from 30% to 70% (Stubbs et al, 1983;Estryn-Behar et al, 1990;Chiou et al, 1994;Larese and Fiorito, 1994;Smedley et al, 1995, Hollingdale andWarin, 1997). The low back pain incidence rate of nurses' aides was higher than more traditional heavy physical occupations such as construction worker and garbage collector (Marras et al, 1999).…”