Back pain in children associated with backpacks

Aundhakar, C. D.; Bahatkar, Kaustubh U; Padiyar, Mohammed Shahid; Jeswani, Deepak H; Colaco, Sylvia

doi:10.4103/0970-5333.145941

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the site of school is either urban or rural in our local context. The factor 'student location' may have an impact on pain intensity as it is related to walking and duration of bag carriage (Aundhakar et al, 2015). Studies report conflicting statistics on whether urban or rural locations can enhance pain intensity (Darmawan et al, 1992;Haq et al, 2005;Mwaka et al, 2014)).…”

Section: Location and Musculoskeletal Painsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain among Secondary School Students

Nauzeer

Jaunky

2021

AQUADEMIA

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors associated with the occurrence of shoulder pain, neck pain, upper back pain and lower back pain with particular focus on carrying schoolbags. A questionnaire containing a range of musculoskeletal pain related information was designed specifically for a group of schoolchildren aged 11 to 20 years and distributed to Grade 7 to Grade 13 students attending three main secondary education schools in Mauritius over the period July 2017 to February 2018. A total of 1048 questionnaires were circulated out of which 849 were useable. The study analyzed the impact of socio-economic characteristics, student perception of use of tablets, type of schoolbag, private tuition, performance, duration of bag carriage and anthropometric characteristics. Logistic regressions models were applied to inspect how those recorded factors contribute to the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain. The main findings in this paper indicate that students from single-sexed girl and mixed schools relative to boys' schools, student perception of tablet use, backpack schoolbag relative to handbag and shoulder-bag, performance, total weight and excess weight of schoolbags have significant positive impact on musculoskeletal pain. The results point towards the importance of raising awareness among students to achieve a positive musculoskeletal health. Information obtained is deemed to affect schoolbook and equipment-carrying behaviour and future choice of schoolbag type.

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Section: Location and Musculoskeletal Painsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain among Secondary School Students

Nauzeer

Jaunky

2021

AQUADEMIA

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“…Similar observation was noted in other studies also. [14,15,16,26] We found Relative weight of backpack ≤ 11% is safe to carry. In other studies, Mooer MJ et al found use of a 10% of body weight cutoff for safe use of backpacks for all grade levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Adverse effects of backpack use like back pain, postural changes, decreased lung capacity have been described in various studies. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]14,15,18,21,24,27,28] Narrow straps dig painfully into shoulders and can hinder circulation, causing numbness or tingling in the arms, which over time may cause weakness in the hands. Slinging a backpack over one shoulder causes a person to lean to one side to compensate for the uneven weight, curving the spine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, mean absolute weight of the backpack was found to be 6. [15,20,25,26,29] All the participants carrying relative backpack weight of 11% or less did not show any musculoskeletal adverse effects. As relative weight of backpack increased to 12 and 13%, participants started showing musculoskeletal symptoms however they were not statistically significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Musculoskeletal effects of heavy backpacks in school children of 11-14 years of age

2016

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Background/Objectives: High and increasing prevalence of back pain in children and adolescent is matter of concern. Prevalence varies regionally as it depends on many variables. Heavy backpack is one of the important underlying causes. Adolescent spine is in the critical stage of development in the age group of 11-14 years. This study was carried out to decide regional cutoffs of heavy relative weights of backpacks in male and female children. Methods: In a community based co-relational study 249 male and 251 female children in the age group of 11-14 yrs using backpack from 6 schools of Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India were studied. Musculoskeletal effects were noted as per Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data was recorded in MS Excel worksheet and statistically analyzed using computer assisted statistical software SPSS Package Version-20. Results: Musculoskeletal problems due to heavy backpacks were found in 60.6% of children; 55.02% males and 66.53% females. Prevalence increased with increasing relative weight of backpack both in male and female children. With relative weight of backpack ≤ 11%, most children were asymptomatic. Relative weight of 12% to 13% showed statistically insignificant prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. With a relative weight of backpack ≥14% in males and ≥ 15% in females, prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms steeply increased. Conclusions: Relative weight of backpack ≤ 11% is safe to carry. As relative weight of backpack increases to ≥ 15%, majority of adolescent children in the age group of 11-14 years in this region are at risk of developing musculoskeletal adverse effects.

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“…Limited research is available in the Indian population—only two studies from the rural population or small cities were found. Aundhakar et al [ 7 ] reported a 12-month prevalence among Indian rural student population was 57.1%, whereas Kumar et al [ 8 ] reported a one-month prevalence as 22.7%. No studies were found to have assessed an Indian urban metropolitan population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Back Pain in Secondary School Students in an Urban Population: Cross-sectional Study

Paranjape

Ingole

2018

Cureus

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IntroductionThe prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among secondary school students is increasing. The magnitude of the problem is not well quantified. Evidence shows LBP in adolescents can be a significant risk factor for back pain in adulthood. The present study aimed to determine the lifetime prevalence of LBP among secondary school students from schools of an urban metropolitan city and the prevalence of LBP in the presence of associated factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study was done using a validated semi-structured questionnaire (N = 555; response rate, 85.3%). Secondary school students between the age of 12 and 15 years from three randomly selected urban secondary schools of Mumbai, India were recruited for the study.ResultsWe analyzed the data for prevalence and odds ratios (OR), and we conducted a univariate analysis to determine the significance of LBP prevalence. We found the lifetime prevalence of LBP was high (32.9%). The prevalence of LBP was highly significant (p < .0001) among girls (confidence interval [CI]: 1.5 to 3.2; OR: 2.2), those who felt their school satchel was heavy (CI: 1.7 to 3.5; OR: 2.4) and those who watched television (TV; CI: 0.03 to 0.28; OR: 0.09).ConclusionWe noted a high prevalence of LBP among adolescents. LBP had a significantly high prevalence among girls and in the presence of factors like a heavy school satchel and watching TV. LBP in adolescence is a significant risk factor in developing back pain in adulthood, and our findings highlight the need for awareness of LBP among stakeholders like educationists, policymakers, medical professionals and parents given the possible detrimental effects on adolescent children.

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Back pain in children associated with backpacks

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain among Secondary School Students

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain among Secondary School Students

Musculoskeletal effects of heavy backpacks in school children of 11-14 years of age

Prevalence of Back Pain in Secondary School Students in an Urban Population: Cross-sectional Study

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