Back-of-the-Envelope Guide (A Tutorial) to 10 Intracellular Landscapes

Abstract

Copy number landscape 4 often refers to copy number variation (CNV), which is the differences between the numbers of copies of one or more nucleotides within individuals in the same species. The repeats can range from a few bases; such as, polyglutamine repeats; 5 to entire genes; such as alpha-amylase 6 and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1. 7 CNV can be a result when sections of a genome are duplicated/ repeated or deleted; 8,9 which exists in both higher eukaryotes, such as humans, 10 and prokaryotes, such as Escherichia coli; 11 and is implicated in several disease phenotypes. 8 For example, CNV in neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis 7 and CNV in protease has been implicated in anthropogenic toxins in arthropods 12 as differences in copy number may have an