Back in the black: hydrothermal carbonization of plant material as an efficient chemical process to treat the CO2 problem?

Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena; Thomas, Arne; Antonietti, Markus

doi:10.1039/b616045j

Cited by 423 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Extensive research has focussed on the hydrothermal processing of wastes such as sewage 12 sludge (Melero et al, 2015;vom Eyser et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2012) and to a 13 lesser extent manures but most have focused on energy densification (He et al, 2001; 14 Theelaga and Midgett, 2012;Chen et al, 2014;Titirici et al, 2007;Funke and Ziegler, 2010; 15 Berge et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2013). A number of studies have investigated the fate of 16 phosphorus in either the solid product or the aqueous product.…”

Section: Land 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streams following thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of microalgae, manure and digestate

Ekpo

Ross

Camargo‐Valero

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

200

118

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ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing have shown promise for converting biomass 10 into higher energy density fuels. Both approaches can facilitate the extraction of inorganics in 11 to the aqueous process waters. This study compares the behaviour of microalgae, digestate, 12 swine and chicken manure by thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing at increasing 13 process severity. Thermal hydrolysis was performed at 170 °C, hydrothermal carbonization 14 (HTC) was performed at 250 °C, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was performed at 350 °C 15 and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was performed at 500 °C in a batch reactor. The 16 level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the product streams was measured for each 17 feedstock. Nitrogen is present in the aqueous phase as organic-N and NH3-N. The proportion 18 of organic N increases the lower the temperature. The extraction of phosphorus is strongly 19 linked to the presence of inorganics such as Ca, Mg and Fe in the starting feedstock. 20 A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streamsMicroalgae and chicken manure release phosphorus more easily than the other feedstocks. 21Keywords: hydrothermal processing, NPK, manure, microalgae, digestate 22 23 Introduction 24Hydrothermal processing of biomass can be utilised as either a pre-treatment or for energy 25 densification. Thermal hydrolysis is often used prior to anaerobic digestion at temperatures in 26 the range 160-170 o C resulting in enhanced biogas yields (Mendez et al., 2015). 27Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) is operated at 180-250 °C and pressure between 2-10 28MPa, and produces a carbon-rich bio-coal (Mumme et al., 2011). Hydrothermal liquefaction 29 (HTL) is operated at 280-370 °C and pressures ranging from 10-25 MPa and produces a 30 synthetic bio-crude (Biller et al., 2012). Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is operated 1 at temperatures above 450 °C and pressure above the critical point of water (22 MPa) 2 producing a syngas containing H2, CO2 and CH4 (Toor et al., 2011). There is a growing 3 interest in the recovery of nutrients from wet wastes such as manures and bio-solids and 4 hydrothermal processing has been proposed to facilitate...

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Section: Land 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streams following thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of microalgae, manure and digestate

Ekpo

Ross

Camargo‐Valero

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

200

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, this carbonization enables highly effective and simultaneous dehydration of the biomass. [ 24 ] Several processes have been developed to convert carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, methanol, formic acid, and formaldehyde. In a recent advance, photocatalysis was employed to convert aqueous carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide using in situ water splitting as a hydrogen source.…”

Section: Strategies For Renewable Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Mülhaupt

2012

Macro Chemistry & Physics

587

415

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Dwindling fossil resources, surging energy demand and global warming stimulate growing demand for renewable polymer products with low carbon footprint. Going well beyond the limited scope of natural polymers, biomass conversion in biorefineries and chemical carbon dioxide fixation are teamed up with highly effective tailoring, processing and recycling of polymers. “Green monomers” from biorefineries, and “renewable oil”, gained from plastics' and bio wastes, render synthetic polymers renewable without impairing their property profiles and recycling. In context of biofuel production, limitations of the green economy concepts are clearly visible. Dreams and reality of “green polymers” are highlighted. Regardless of their new greenish touch, highly versatile and cost‐effective polymers play an essential role in sustainable development.

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“…In recent years Hydrothermal Carbonisation (HTC) has instead demonstrated its capability of converting biomass into highly functionalised carbon materials under very mild processing conditions [7] [8]. Even though this methodology was developed almost 100 years ago [9], its full potential, as a synthetic route for carbon materials having potential applications in several fields such as catalysis, energy storage, CO2 sequestration, water purification, agriculture, has been fully understood only in the last decade [10] [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and structural differences between glucose, cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass derived hydrothermal carbons

2011

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Back in the black: hydrothermal carbonization of plant material as an efficient chemical process to treat the CO2 problem?

Cited by 423 publications

References 22 publications

A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streams following thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of microalgae, manure and digestate

A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streams following thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of microalgae, manure and digestate

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Morphological and structural differences between glucose, cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass derived hydrothermal carbons

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