Bacitracin, Gramicidin and Tyrocidine

Weinberg, Eugene D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-38441-1_21

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Besides the cyclic nature of a molecule, there may be unusual linkages or arrangements of the amino acids in the antibiotic. Bacitracin provides an example, for it possesses a thiazoline ring (derived from the condensation of cysteine and isoleucine), a cyclic hexapeptide, as well as an amide bond between the f3-carboxyl group of aspartic acid and the epsilon amino group of lysine (1,167).…”

Section: Properties Of Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

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The peptide antibiotics of Bacillus: chemistry, biogenesis, and possible functions.

Katz¹,

Demain²

1977

Bacteriological Reviews

324

106

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Section: Properties Of Peptidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…BACITRACINS The bacitracins are synthesized by certain strains ofB. licheniformis (167). Although several bacitracins have been described in the literature, the most completely investigated is bacitracin A (Fig.…”

Section: Ch3 Nh2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The peptide antibiotics of Bacillus: chemistry, biogenesis, and possible functions.

Katz¹,

Demain²

1977

Bacteriological Reviews

324

106

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“…Bacitracin A, the major and most active component (Galardy, Printz, & Craig, ; Toscano & Storm, ), has a seven‐membered ring, a five amino acid tail, D‐amino acids, ornithine, and a thiazoline ring between the terminal isoleucine and cysteine residues (Figure ). It is active only against Gram positive bacteria (Citron et al, ; Jawetz, , Toscano & Storm, ; Weinberg, )…”

Section: Antimicrobial Peptides Active Against Archaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacitracin has multiple modes of action including bacterial membrane lysis (as evidenced by the appearance of rods on plasma membranes using electron microscopy) in the presence of Zn 2+ or Cd 2+ (Sleytr, Oliver, & Thorne, ; Toscano & Storm, ) and inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to C 55 ‐isoprenyl pyrophosphate. This binding leads to the formation of a complex which prevents the conversion to the phosphate form leading to inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis (Reynolds, ; Siewert & Strominger, ; Stone & Strominger, ; Storm & Strominger, ; Toscano & Storm, ; Weinberg, , )…”

Section: Antimicrobial Peptides Active Against Archaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on comparative mechanistic studies of antimicrobial peptides against archaea

Varnava

Ronimus

Sarojini

2017

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Archaea was until recently considered as a third domain of life in addition to bacteria and eukarya but recent studies support the existence of only two superphyla (bacteria and archaea). The fundamental differences between archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryal cells are probably the main reasons for the comparatively lower susceptibility of archaeal strains to current antimicrobial agents. The possible emerging pathogenicity of archaea and the role of archaeal methanogens in methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, has led many researchers to examine the sensitivity patterns of archaea and make attempts to find agents that have significant anti-archaeal activity. Even though antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are well known with several published reviews concerning their mode of action against bacteria and eukarya, to our knowledge, to date no reviews are available that focus on the action of these peptides against archaea. Herein, we present a review on all the peptides that have been tested against archaea. In addition, in an attempt to shed more light on possible future work that needs to be performed we have included a brief overview of the chemical characteristics, spectrum of activity, and the known mechanism of action of each of these peptides against bacteria and/or fungi. We also discuss the nature of and key physiological differences between Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya that are relevant to the development of anti-archaeal peptides. Despite our relatively limited knowledge about archaea, available data suggest that AMPs have an even broader spectrum of activity than currently recognized.

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Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial potential of bacteria isolated from Polish honey

Hafeez,

Pełka,

Buzun

et al. 2023

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The aim of this study was the whole-genome analysis and assessment of the antimicrobial potential of bacterial isolates from honey harvested in one geographical location—the north of Poland. In total, 132 strains were derived from three honey samples, and the antimicrobial activity of CFAM (cell-free after-culture medium) was used as a criterion for strain selection and detailed genomic investigation. Two of the tested isolates (SZA14 and SZA16) were classified as Bacillus paralicheniformis, and one isolate (SZB3) as Bacillus subtilis based on their ANI and phylogenetic analysis relatedness. The isolates SZA14 and SZA16 were harvested from the same honey sample with a nucleotide identity of 98.96%. All three isolates have been found to be potential producers of different antimicrobial compounds. The secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline (antiSMASH) identified 14 gene cluster coding for non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPs), polyketide synthases (PKSs), and ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that are potential sources of novel antibacterials. The BAGEL4 analysis revealed the presence of nine putative gene clusters of interest in the isolates SZA14 and SZA16 (including the presence of six similar clusters present in both isolates, coding for the production of enterocin Nkr-5-3B, haloduracin-alpha, sonorensin, bottromycin, comX2, and lasso peptide), and four in B. subtilis isolate SZB3 (competence factor, sporulation-killing factor, subtilosin A, and sactipeptides). The outcomes of this study confirm that honey-derived Bacillus spp. strains can be considered potential producers of a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Key points • Bacteria of the genus Bacillus are an important component of honey microbiota. • Honey-derived Bacillus spp. strains are potential producers of new antimicrobials.

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Bacitracin, Gramicidin and Tyrocidine

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

The peptide antibiotics of Bacillus: chemistry, biogenesis, and possible functions.

The peptide antibiotics of Bacillus: chemistry, biogenesis, and possible functions.

A review on comparative mechanistic studies of antimicrobial peptides against archaea

Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial potential of bacteria isolated from Polish honey

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