Bacillus thuringiensis protein toxic to coleopteran insects

Use of insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis for control of grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in turf

“…Although several of the stains, Bt tenebrionis, Bt tolworthi and Bt kumamotoensis used in this study are similarly active on the chrysomelids Leptinotarsa sp., (Crickmore et al 1999Sick et al 1990Grossman 1992;Donovan et al 1993;Narva and Fu 1993;Robert et al 1994) such as the Colorado potato beetle, these same toxins show individual differences in their effects against scarab grubs (Grossman 1992;Donovan et al 1993;Narva and Fu 1993;Michaels 1993;Michaels et al 1993;Michaels et al 1996;Robert et al 1994). Toxins from kumamotoensis and tolworthi, active against Colorado potato beetle, are each active against a different scarab pest (Grossman 1992;Michaels 1993;Michaels et al 1993;Michaels et al 1996;Robert et al 1994).…”

“…Since the research by Sharpe and Detroy (1979), there have been no reports that have further characterized activity of Btgalleriae against grubs (Glare et al 1992) (Michaels 1993;Michaels et al 1993;Michaels et al 1996). These were Bt tolworthi and Bt kumamotoensis (Sick et al 1990;Grossman 1992;Donovan et al 1993;Narva and Fu 1993;Michaels 1993;Michaels et al 1993;Michaels et al 1996;Robert et al 1994). Bt tolworthi was determined to produce proteins Cry3Bai, Cry3Bb2 (formerly CryUIB, CryIIIB3,) and Bt kumamotoensis identified to produce CrySBai (formerly CrylllE).…”

“…(Grossman 1992). Bt tenebrionis Cry3Aa was active against Colorado potato beetle but not Japanese beetle, while Cry3Bai and Cry3Bb2 toxins produced by Bt tolworthi strains were active against both a relative of the Colorado potato beetle and the Japanese beetle (Grossman 1992;Sick et al 1990;Donovan et al 1993;Michaels 1993;Michaels et al 1993;Michaels et al 1996). The host spectrum specificity of Bt toxins against Coleoptera varied further, as Bt kimamotoensis, producer of CrySA protein, was discovered to be toxic to green June beetle grub Cotinis sp.…”

“…The delta-endotoxins or alkali-soluble proteins considered protoxins from Bt tolworthi are 75,68, and 61 kDa; Bt kumamotoemis is a doublet 130 kDa; and Bt japonensis is a 131 kDa length protein (Sugimura et al 1997). Not only are the protein profiles defined, but the gene sequence data are available for all scarab-active delta-endotoxins described to date (lizuka et al 1998;Sato et al 1994;Donovan et al 1993;Michaels et al 1993;Michaels et al 1996;Crickmore et al 1998;Grossman 1995;Crickmore et al 1999;van Frankenhuyzen and Nystrom 1998).…”