Bacillus thuringiensis: an impotent pathogen?

Raymond, Ben; Johnston, Paul R.; Nielsen-LeRoux, Christina; Lereclus, Didier; Crickmore, N.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.02.006

Cited by 293 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…thuringiensis and B. cereus are B. cereus group bacteria that inhabit diverse environments, including soil, freshwater, invertebrates, and insectivorous mammals (56). Compared with B. subtilis, a plant-associated bacterium, B. thuringiensis and B. cereus strains contain more nitrogen metabolism-associated genes than those in carbon metabolism, indicating that their hosts are likely to be animals (57,58).…”

Section: Trans-aconitic Acid Biosynthesis and Nematicidal Bioactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Gene Operon for trans-Aconitic Acid, a Novel Nematicide from Bacillus thuringiensis

Du¹,

Cao²,

Shi

et al. 2017

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Edited by Ruma Banerjeetrans-Aconitic acid (TAA) is an isomer of cis-aconitic acid (CAA), an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that is synthesized by aconitase. Although TAA production has been detected in bacteria and plants for many years and is known to be a potent inhibitor of aconitase, its biosynthetic origins and the physiological relevance of its activity have remained unclear. We have serendipitously uncovered key information relevant to both of these questions. Specifically, in a search for novel nematicidal factors from Bacillus thuringiensis, a significant nematode pathogen harboring many protein virulence factors, we discovered a high yielding component that showed activity against the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita and surprisingly identified it as TAA. Comparison with CAA, which displayed a much weaker nematicidal effect, suggested that TAA is specifically synthesized by B. thuringiensis as a virulence factor. Analysis of mutants deficient in plasmids that were anticipated to encode virulence factors allowed us to isolate a TAA biosynthesis-related (tbr) operon consisting of two genes, tbrA and tbrB. We expressed the corresponding proteins, TbrA and TbrB, and characterized them as an aconitate isomerase and TAA transporter, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis of the TAA biosynthetic gene cluster revealed the association of the TAA genes with transposable elements relevant for horizontal gene transfer as well as a distribution across B. cereus bacteria and other B. thuringiensis strains, suggesting a general role for TAA in the interactions of B. cereus group bacteria with nematode hosts in the soil environment. This study reveals new bioactivity for TAA and the TAA biosynthetic pathway, improving our understanding of virulence factors employed by B. thuringiensis pathogenesis and providing potential implications for nematode management applications.

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Section: Trans-aconitic Acid Biosynthesis and Nematicidal Bioactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Gene Operon for trans-Aconitic Acid, a Novel Nematicide from Bacillus thuringiensis

Du¹,

Cao²,

Shi

et al. 2017

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The total cycle time was fixed to 3.3 s and the Q2 transmission window was 100 Da for 100%. Four time bins were summed for each scan at a pulser frequency value of 11 kHz through 1 The abbreviations used are: iTRAQ, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation; BCAAs, branched-chain amino acids; BLAST, basic local alignment search tool; cDNA, complementary DNA; COG, cluster of orthologous groups of proteins; DPA, dipicolinic acid; EMP, Embden-Meyerhof-Pamas pathway; FDR, false discovery rate; GABA, ␥-aminobutyric acid; ICPs, insecticidal crystal proteins; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry; ORFs, open reading frames; PHB, poly-␤-hydroxybutyrate; PP, pentose phosphate shunt; RNA-seq, RNA (cDNA) high throughout sequencing; RPKM, reads per kilo bases per million reads; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle. monitoring of the 40 GHz multichannel TDC detector with four-anode/ channel detection.…”

Section: Bacterial Strains Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous experiments demonstrated the parasporal crystal of CT-43 contains different kinds of ICPs. To reveal the metabolic regulation mechanisms accompanying the high-level expression of ICP genes and sporulation, transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of strain CT-43 were performed in different growth phases, using the Illumina method of high throughout cDNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) 1 technique, respectively. Our results, for the first time, systematically reveal the metabolic regulation mechanisms involved in the supply of the amino acids, carbon substances, and energy for spore and parasporal crystal formation at both the transcriptional and translational levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Regulation of Sporulation and Parasporal Crystal Formation in Bacillus thuringiensis Revealed by Transcriptomics and Proteomics

Wang

Han

Cao

et al. 2013

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known entomopathogenic bacterium used worldwide as an environmentally compatible biopesticide. During sporulation, B. thuringiensis accumulates a large number of parasporal crystals consisting of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) that can account for nearly 20 -30% of the cell's dry weight. However, the metabolic regulation mechanisms of ICP synthesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, the combined efforts in transcriptomics and proteomics mainly uncovered the following 6 metabolic regulation mechanisms: (1) proteases and the amino acid metabolism (particularly, the branched-chain amino acids) became more active during sporulation; (2) stored poly-␤-hydroxybutyrate and acetoin, together with some low-quality substances provided considerable carbon and energy sources for sporulation and parasporal crystal formation; (3) the pentose phosphate shunt demonstrated an interesting regulation mechanism involving gluconate when CT-43 cells were grown in GYS medium; (4) the tricarboxylic acid cycle was significantly modified during sporulation; (5) an obvious increase in the quantitative levels of enzymes and cytochromes involved in energy production via the electron transport system was observed; (6) most F 0 F 1 -ATPase subunits were remarkably up-regulated during sporulation. This study, for the first time, systematically reveals the metabolic regulation mechanisms involved in the supply of amino acids, carbon substances, and energy for B. thuringiensis spore and parasporal crystal formation at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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“…Indeed, Bt bacteria encode several other virulence factors, such as hemolysins, phospholipases and metalloproteases, which are produced in the vegetative bacteria and are important for infection. 14,15 Among Bt target species, Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth or honeycomb moth) is particularly useful to study the relative importance of Bt bacteria, since in this insect the presence of Bt is required for full virulence. 16 In addition, G. mellonella larvae can be produced inexpensively in large numbers and are simple to use in laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Repeated Infections Of Galleria Mellonella Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a transgenerational inheritance of host resistance against pathogens? Lessons from the Galleria mellonella-Bacillus thuringiensis interaction model

Bierne

Nielsen-LeRoux

2017

Virulence

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Bacillus thuringiensis: an impotent pathogen?

Cited by 293 publications

References 47 publications

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Gene Operon for trans-Aconitic Acid, a Novel Nematicide from Bacillus thuringiensis

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a Gene Operon for trans-Aconitic Acid, a Novel Nematicide from Bacillus thuringiensis

The Metabolic Regulation of Sporulation and Parasporal Crystal Formation in Bacillus thuringiensis Revealed by Transcriptomics and Proteomics

Is there a transgenerational inheritance of host resistance against pathogens? Lessons from the Galleria mellonella-Bacillus thuringiensis interaction model

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