Bacillus subtilis sigma factor sigma 29 is the product of the sporulation-essential gene spoIIG.

Trempy, Janine E.; Bonamy, Celine; Szulmajster, Jekisiel; Haldenwang, W G

doi:10.1073/pnas.82.12.4189

Cited by 99 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…It is initiated by activation of the r factor in the smaller cell, the forespore (Margolis et al 1991;Partridge et al 1991), which is required for subsequent activation of the cE factor in the larger cell, the mother cell Losick and Stragier 1992). r is synthesized in the predivisional cell (Gholamhoseinian and Piggot 1989) as an inactive larger precursor, pro-tx E (LaBell et al 1987) the product of the spoHGB gene (Stragier et al 1984;Trempy et al 1985a), which is cotranscribed with spolIGA, the gene encoding the putative pro-or E processing enzyme (Stragier et al 1988). SpoIIGA is predicted to be a membrane-bound protein (Stragier et al 1988;Peters and Haldenwang 1991 ) and is also synthesized before septation, suggesting that it is present on both sides of the septum.…”

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Cell-cell signaling pathway activating a developmental transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis.

Londoño-Vallejo

Stragier²

1995

Genes Dev.

122

142

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Transcription in the mother cell at early stages of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by orE, a or factor that is synthesized in the predivisional cell as an inactive larger precursor, pro-or E. Activation of ore depends on orF, the factor that governs transcription in the forespore. Genetic experiments have indicated that transduction of the activation signal from the forespore to the mother cell requires the products of some genes belonging to the orF-controlled regulon. We have identified and characterized a orF-dependent gene, csfX, encoding a protein necessary and sufficient for triggering processing of pro-or E. The CsfX protein contains a typical amino-terminal signal sequence suggesting that, although synthesized in the forespore, it may act across the septum to activate the membrane-bound enzyme that is responsible for pro-or E processing in the mother cell.

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confidence: 99%

Cell-cell signaling pathway activating a developmental transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis.

Londoño-Vallejo

Stragier²

1995

Genes Dev.

122

142

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“…Nevertheless, there is growing support for the proposal (14-16, 41) that the mother cell-specific counterpart of (rF is cr-, the product of spoIIGB, the second cistron of the spoIIG operon (75,82). The or-protein is synthesized initially as an inactive precursor, pro-a', which is believed to be processed proteolytically by SpoIIGA to yield the active form of the protein (6,30,37,74).…”

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Evidence that the spoIIM gene of Bacillus subtilis is transcribed by RNA polymerase associated with sigma E

Smith

Youngman

1993

J Bacteriol

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We have investigated the temporal and spatial regulation ofspoHIM, a gene ofBacillus subtilis whose product is required for complete septum migration and engulfment of the forespore compartment during sporulation. The spoHIM promoter was found to become active about 2 h after the initiation of sporulation. The effects of mutations on the expression of a spoIIM-lacZ fusion were most consistent with its utilization by &-Fassociated RNA polymerase (Eci). A unique 5' end of the in vivo spoHIM transcript was detected by primer extension analysis and was determined to initiate at the appropriate distance from a sequence conforming very closely to the consensus for genes transcribed by E&F. A partially purified preparation of E&X produced a transcript in vitro that initiated at the same nucleotide as the primer extension product generated from in vivo RNA. Ectopic induction of &E synthesis during growth resulted in the immediate and strong expression of a spoIIM-lacZ fusion, but an identical fusion was completely unresponsive to induced synthesis of either oF or rG under similar conditions. The results of plasmid integration-excision experiments in which the spolIM gene was reversibly disrupted by a temperature-sensitive integrational vector suggested that spolIM expression is required in the forespore compartment, but direct examination of subcellular fractions enriched for mother cell or forespore material indicated that spolIM expression cannot be confined to the forespore. We conclude that spoHIM is a member of the &E regulon and that it may be transcribed exclusively by Ecr-. We discuss the implications of this conclusion for models in which activation of o1r in the mother cell is proposed to be a part of the mechanism responsible for initiating separate programs of gene activity in the two sporangium compartments.Endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis involves a series of temporally and spatially ordered changes in cell morphology and gene expression (42,54). At a critical stage in this process, an asymmetric septation event creates two cell compartments, the mother cell and the forespore, each containing a transcriptionally active chromosome. At some point very soon after asymmetric septation, the mother cell and the forespore compartments begin to execute quite distinct programs of gene expression. The mechanisms responsible for establishing these compartment-specific programs are not fully understood, but they apparently involve, in part, the compartment-specific activation of RNA polymerase sigma factors (16,40,41,76). This is most obvious at the later stages of sporulation, in which a polymerase species associated with g is active exclusively in the mother cell compartment (11,36,43) and a species associated with cyG is active exclusively in the forespore (31, 78). At earlier stages, the situation is less certain and the basis for compartmentspecific gene activity is more speculative. Soon after asymmetric septation, a polymerase species associated with &rF becomes active in the forespore (45, 67). The o-F...

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“…Cells were grown in DSM medium at 37°C and were harvested 2 h after the end of the exponential growth phase. Crude extracts were prepared as described by Trempy et al (32), except that we omitted the ammonium sulfate precipitation step. Equal amounts of protein from the different extracts (50 to 100 ,ug of total protein, as assayed by the Bio-Rad protocol) were applied to sodium dodecyl sulfate-12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels.…”

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Effects of amino acid substitutions in the -10 binding region of sigma E from Bacillus subtilis

1992

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The sigma subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase is required for specific binding to promoters. One region in most sigma factors makes sequence-specific contacts at the -10 region of its cognate promoters. To test the role of the amino acids in this -10 binding region, we examined the effects of 49 single-amino-acid substitutions in &E from BaciUlus subfilis. We assayed the effect of each amino acid substitution on spore formation because MF is essential for endospore formation in B. subtilis. Our results showed that substitutions at several positions, including the highly conserved aromatic amino acid at position 102, had little or no detectable effect.Substitutions at another position, position 117, produced dominant negative mutations; we suggest that these mutations allow RNA polymerase containing the mutant sigma factor to bind specifically to promoters but prevent transcription initiation. Of the recessive defective alleles, those that produced substitutions at positions 113, 115, and 120 produced the most defective sigma factors. These results suggest that the residues at or near these positions in wild-type cr`play important roles in cE function.The sigma subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme governs the specificity of promoter binding (reviewed in references 11 and 23). Many species of bacteria contain multiple RNA polymerase sigma factors, which direct the utilization of different sets of promoters. The specificity of promoter utilization is determined by two regions in most sigma factors (excluding aor and its homologs [26]). One region of each sigma factor makes sequence-specific contacts with the promoter about 35 bp upstream from the starting point of transcription, while the other region of each sigma factor makes sequence-specific contacts about 10 bp upstream from the starting point of transcription (the -35 and -10 regions, respectively). This model is based primarily on the results of genetic studies in which the deleterious effects of single-base-pair substitutions in promoters were suppressed by single-amino-acid substitutions in sigma factors (4,8,17,18,29,31,34,35). In each case the specificity of the suppression was used to argue that the amino acid residue in the sigma factor that was changed by the suppressor substitution closely contacted the position in the promoter at which the effect of a base substitution was suppressed.Amino acid substitutions in four sigma factors have been shown to specifically suppress the effects of base pair substitutions in the -10 regions of promoters (4,6,8,17,18,29,31,34,35). These substitutions lie within a region of amino acid sequences that is highly conserved in most sigma factors (11) (Fig. 1). Therefore, most sigma factors may use a similar motif to interact with the -10 regions of their cognate promoters. However, only a few positions in these -10 binding regions of sigma factors may determine the specificity of these interactions.Promoter utilization involves several steps after the initial binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. Thes...

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Bacillus subtilis sigma factor sigma 29 is the product of the sporulation-essential gene spoIIG.

Cited by 99 publications

References 22 publications

Cell-cell signaling pathway activating a developmental transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis.

Cell-cell signaling pathway activating a developmental transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis.

Evidence that the spoIIM gene of Bacillus subtilis is transcribed by RNA polymerase associated with sigma E

Effects of amino acid substitutions in the -10 binding region of sigma E from Bacillus subtilis

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