Bacillus solimangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil

Abstract

Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4 T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase-and oxidase-positive. Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4 T ) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582 T , B. horneckiae DSM 23495 T , B. azotoformans LMG 9581 T , B. cohnii DSM 6307 T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723 T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2 % similarity, respectively). The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4 T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed ,85 % similarity to those of the most closely related strains. The isolates grew at pH 5-12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10-40 6C (optimum 30-35 6C) and at 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1-3 % NaCl). The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4 T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20-24 %. Strain GH2-4 T exhibited 81 % DNA-DNA relatedness with strain GH2-5. The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 14 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4 T and GH2-5 (5KCTC 331435JCM 189955DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4 T (5KCTC 33142 T 5JCM 18994 T 5DSM 27083 T ).Mangroves are woody plants located at the interface between land and sea. They represent a typical ecosystem in tropical and subtropical coastal biomes, and they play significant roles as feeding, breeding and refuge areas for diverse organisms and maintain a considerable food web based on their detritus (Holguin et al., 2001;Kathiresan & Bingham, 2001). The mangrove ecosystem is distinguished from others because of periodic tidal flooding and changeable environmental factors, such as salinity and nutrient availability (Alongi, 1988;Holguin et al., 2006). There have been many reports regarding the isolation of novel micro-organisms from mangrove-related environments. At the time of writing, 63 genera and 113 species had been newly described as novel micro-organisms isolated from mangrove environments, based on searches of PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/). They include species of the yeast genus Candida The genus Bacillus, in the phylum Firmicutes, is a large group of rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria that includes more than 200 species (Euzéby, 2010). Since the genus Bacillus was described by Cohn in 1872, the number of species in the genus has increased considerabl...

Dermabacter vaginalis sp. nov., isolated from human vaginal fluid

“…The morphology and size of colonies were observed on DSM 92 agar plates after 2 days of incubation at 37 8C. Gram staining, spore formation and cell morphology were examined as described previously (Lee et al, 2014). Colonies of strain AD1-86 T were creamy white, of low convexity and 1-2 mm in diameter.…”

“…Fatty acid methyl ester analysis was performed as described previously (Lee et al, 2014). A loop of cell mass cultured on DSM 92 agar plates for 2 days at 37 8C was used, and fatty acid methyl ester profiles were determined using the TSBA6 database of the MIDI System (Sherlock Microbial Identification System, version 6.1).…”

“…Whole-cell sugar contents were determined by TLC as described previously (Becker et al, 1965;Lee et al, 2014). TLC analysis of whole-cell hydrolysates showed that all tested strains, including the new isolate, contained ribose, glucose and galactose (Fig.…”

“…S4). The cell-wall diamino acid was analysed from whole-cell hydrolysates using cellulose TLC plates as described previously (Lee et al, 2014;Rhuland et al, 1955). Strain AD1-86…”

“…According to methods described previously (Lee et al, 2014;Nakagawa & Yamasato, 1993), respiratory quinones were extracted and identified from 300 mg of freeze-dried cells and analysed using HPLC (Hitachi L-5000) with a reversed-phase column (YMC Pack ODS-A). The major menaquinone was MK-9 (46.1 %), but substantial amounts of MK-8 (33.1 %) and MK-7 (20.8 %) were also detected in strain AD1-86…”