Bacillus safensis with plant-derived smoke stimulates rice growth under saline conditions

Abstract

Salinity is a worldwide environmental problem of agricultural lands. Smoke and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) are individually used to improve plant growth, but the combined effects of these have not been studied yet under saline conditions. The combined effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus safensis and plant-derived smoke Cymbopogon jwarancusa was studied under different salinity level as 50, 100, and 150 mM on rice (cv. Basmati-385). Smoke dilutions of C. jwarancusa (C-500 and C-1000) and bacterial culture of B. safensis were used to soak seeds for 10 h. It was observed that the salt concentration decreases the germination percentage, vegetative growth, ion contents (K and Ca), and photosynthetic pigments (Chl "a," Chl "b," and carotene) while an increase occurred in Na, total soluble protein (TSP), proline, total soluble sugar, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) contents. The combined effect of B. safensis and smoke primed seeds increased the germination percentage, seedling growth, ion contents (K, Ca), and photosynthetic pigments (Chl "a," Chl "b," carotene) and reduced the Na ion content, total soluble protein, proline content, total soluble sugar, CAT, and POD activity by lowering the drastic effect of salt stress. It was concluded that combined effect of smoke and PGPR is more effective than individual effect.

Effect of brewery wastewater obtained from different phases of treatment plant on seed germination of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), maize (Zea mays), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

“…A negative effect of higher salt content on seed germination was also observed for pigeon pea as germination percentage in RO25 was only 53%. Similar inhibitory effects of higher salt concentrations were expressed by Barazani and Golan-Goldhirsh (2009) on germination of Salsola inermis and by Khan et al (2017) on rice germination. Osmotic pressure and ion toxicity of salts present in brewery wastewater (RO reject) may be the reason for adverse effects on seed germination as stated by Rusan et al (2015) on barley germination by application of olive mill wastewater.…”

The Growth Promotion of Two Salt-Tolerant Plant Groups with PGPR Inoculation: A Meta-Analysis

“…Generally, the oxidative stress induced by salinity reduces the photosynthetic capacity via changing photosynthetic pigments and reducing the photosynthetic rate [62][63][64]. An improvement in the antioxidative capacity, in turn, will contribute to the promotion of Chl and Car content, and Pn [3,59].…”

Bacillus Cereus Enhanced Phytoremediation Ability of Rice Seedlings under Cadmium Toxicity

“…However, biopriming techniques have been widely to prevent the toxic effect of pollutant like heavy metals on plant growth and development. Many studies reported that biopriming of seeds with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) or application of PGPB on seedling could enhance plant growth by lowering the uptake of toxic metals in the medium [13, 19, 20]. PGPBs contain 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase efficiently accelerate plant growth by decreasing plant ethylene levels under different stress conditions, such as heavy metals, drought, salinity, and flooding [21].…”