Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine, antimalarial, age and gender relation to COVID-19 spread and mortality

El-Gendy, Ahmed O.; Saeed, Haitham; Ali, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelhaleem; Zawbaa, Hossam M.; Gomaa, Dina; Harb, Hadeer S.; Madney, Yasmin M.; Osama, Hasnaa; Abdelrahman, Mona A.; Abdelrahim, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.083

Cited by 42 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…There was an agreement between the participants on the importance for children and young adults to take all measures to prevent infection with coronavirus despite; they are less likely to be infected. [ 12 ] Informants also agreed on sterilizing the money with alcohol to prevent the spread of the virus. That indicates the excessive fear of the participants from the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public awareness in Egypt about COVID-19 spread in the early phase of the pandemic

Elgendy

El-Gendy

Abdelrahim

2020

Patient Education and Counseling

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public awareness in Egypt about COVID-19 spread in the early phase of the pandemic

Elgendy

El-Gendy

Abdelrahim

2020

Patient Education and Counseling

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“…Antimalarials such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are being extensively investigated, but no strong evidence of their benefits has been released yet. Thus, there are no specific mechanisms or robust evidence of the efficacy of these therapeutic procedures [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Clinical Trials Protocols and the Global Effort for Immunization against SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the biggest health challenge of the 21st century, affecting millions of people globally. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has ignited an unprecedented effort from the scientific community in the development of new vaccines on different platforms due to the absence of a broad and effective treatment for COVID-19 or prevention strategy for SARS-CoV-2 dissemination. Based on 50 current studies selected from the main clinical trial databases, this systematic review summarizes the global race for vaccine development against COVID-19. For each study, the main intervention characteristics, the design used, and the local or global center partnerships created are highlighted. Most vaccine developments have taken place in Asia, using a viral vector method. Two purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, an mRNA-based vaccine mRNA1273, and the chimpanzee adenoviral vaccine ChAdOx1 are currently in phase III clinical trials in the respective countries Brazil, the United Arab Emirates, the USA, and the United Kingdom. These vaccines are being developed based on a quickly formed network of collaboration.

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“…It seems that bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination could protect from COVID-19. A strong association was observed between BCG vaccination deployment and COVID-19 mortality [ 109 , 110 ]. Countries where BCG vaccination is given at birth showed lower numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths [ 111 ].…”

Section: Cross-immunity To Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There seems to be an inverse relationship in the overall number of COVID-19 cases and malaria cases [ 110 , [114] , [115] , [116] ]. For instance, three of the African countries most affected by COVID-19 on 4 June 2020 are South Africa (37 525 cases and 792 deaths), Algeria (9733 cases and 673 deaths) and Egypt (28 615 cases and 1088 deaths), which belong to the countries less affected by malaria [ 117 ].…”

Section: Protection By Repeated Antimalarial Treatments?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What could explain the late emergence of COVID-19 in Africa?

Lalaoui¹,

Bakour²,

Raoult³

et al. 2020

New Microbes and New Infections

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At the end of November 2019, a novel coronavirus responsible for respiratory tract infections emerged in China. Despite drastic containment measures, this virus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread in Asia and Europe. The pandemic is ongoing with a particular hotspot in southern Europe and America in spring 2020. Many studies predicted an epidemic in Africa similar to that currently seen in Europe and the USA. However, reported data do not confirm these predictions. Several hypotheses that could explain the later emergence and spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in African countries are being discussed, including the lack of health-care infrastructure capable of clinically detecting and confirming COVID-19 cases, the implementation of social distancing and hygiene, international air traffic flows, the climate, the relatively young and rural population, the genetic polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, cross-immunity and the use of antimalarial drugs.

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Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine, antimalarial, age and gender relation to COVID-19 spread and mortality

Cited by 42 publications

References 58 publications

Public awareness in Egypt about COVID-19 spread in the early phase of the pandemic

Public awareness in Egypt about COVID-19 spread in the early phase of the pandemic

Current Clinical Trials Protocols and the Global Effort for Immunization against SARS-CoV-2

What could explain the late emergence of COVID-19 in Africa?

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