Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Interleukin-2 for Treatment of Superficial Bladder Cancer

Cockett, Abraham T.K.; Davis, Robert S.; Cos, Louis R.; Wheeless, Leon L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37916-8

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…BCG instillation is the treatment of choice for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer (26). The combination of IL-2 and BCG in the therapy of superficial bladder cancer is more effective than either IL-2 or BCG alone in both a mouse model (10) and a clinical trial (6). Therefore the IL-2-expressing BCG-CII may also have a role in the treatment of bladder cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion of human interleukin 2 by recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Kong

Kunimoto

1995

Infect Immun

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The human interleukin 2 (huIL-2) gene was introduced into Mycobacterium bovis BCG by using the integrative vector pMV306. To express and secrete huIL-2 from BCG, two different plasmids, CI and CII, were made. In CI, the huIL-2-encoding region was under the control of the ␣-antigen promoter of BCG; in CII, the expression of huIL-2 was regulated by the heat shock protein 60 promoter. A signal peptide sequence isolated from the naturally secreted ␣-antigen of BCG was inserted between the promoter and huIL-2-encoding region to facilitate secretion. Both huIL-2 expression plasmids were integrated into the BCG genome when introduced into the BCG Pasteur strain by electroporation. Approximately 150 U of huIL-2 was secreted into the medium of a BCG-CII culture, while the BCG-CI cells secreted approximately one-sixth of that amount. When the IL-2-expressing BCG strain BCG-CII was injected intravenously into BALB/c mice, the number of BCG cells in the spleens of these mice was significantly less than the number in the control mice. The decreased number of IL-2-expressing BCG cells is likely due to the augmentation of the host immune response by the secreted huIL-2, although the exact mechanism is not known.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretion of human interleukin 2 by recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Kong

Kunimoto

1995

Infect Immun

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“…Since the effect of BCG and IL-2 seems to be additive in vitro, the combined use of these agents intravesically may be of benefit. To our knowledge there is only one research group which has used the combination of BCG and IL-2 intravesically (Dow et al, 1989;Cockett et al, 1991). It is questionable, however, if the good results (88% remission rate in the combination group) can be attributed to IL-2, for equally good results could have apparently been obtained by the reduced (half) BCG dose alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is questionable, however, if the good results (88% remission rate in the combination group) can be attributed to IL-2, for equally good results could have apparently been obtained by the reduced (half) BCG dose alone. In theory, the exposure time of at least 24 h to IL-2 is needed for the generation of LAK-cells, a requirement fulfilled in the study of Huland and Huland (1989) but not in that of Cockett et al (1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin Sensitises Fresh Transitional Carcinoma Cells and T24 Cell Line to Non‐MHC‐restricted Cytotoxicity in vitro

Kaasinen

Kalliomäki

Alfthan

et al. 1993

British Journal of Urology

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The activity of lymphokine (interleukin-2) activated killer (LAK) cells from 9 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was tested against autologous, freshly purified transitional carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity was relatively low. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) substantially augmented both LAK activity and the cytolytic activity of non-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) against autologous TCC when tested with 6 additional TCC patients. A similar enhancing effect of BCG was noted with leucocytes obtained from normal donors when tested against an allogenic T24 cell line. Both natural killer (NK) cells and T cells appeared to be responsible for the increased cytolytic activity caused by BCG. No cytolytic activity was noted against normal transitional epithelial cells. Sensitisation of TCC cells to the immune system may explain the clinical effects of BCG.

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“…Preventative vaccines are active against specific microbes (bacteria or viruses) that are the cause of or have a role in the development of a specific malignancy. The BCG vaccine described above that was originally developed against tuberculosis, is used in the treatment of bladder cancer ( 58 – 63 ). HEPLISAV-B is a vaccine against hepatitis B virus, whose infection leads to many hepatocellular carcinomas (liver tumors) ( 64 , 65 ).…”

Section: A Brief History Of Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycoconjugate Nanoparticle-Based Systems in Cancer Immunotherapy: Novel Designs and Recent Updates

Barchi

2022

Front. Immunol.

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For many years, cell-surface glycans (in particular, Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens, TACAs) have been the target of both passive and active anticancer immunotherapeutic design. Recent advances in immunotherapy as a treatment for a variety of malignancies has revolutionized anti-tumor treatment regimens. Checkpoint inhibitors, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells, Oncolytic virus therapy, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have been developed and many approvals have led to remarkable outcomes in a subset of patients. However, many of these therapies are very selective for specific patient populations and hence the search for improved therapeutics and refinement of techniques for delivery are ongoing and fervent research areas. Most of these agents are directed at protein/peptide epitopes, but glycans–based targets are gaining in popularity, and a handful of approved immunotherapies owe their activity to oligosaccharide targets. In addition, nanotechnology and nanoparticle-derived systems can help improve the delivery of these agents to specific organs and cell types based on tumor-selective approaches. This review will first outline some of the historical beginnings of this research area and subsequently concentrate on the last 5 years of work. Based on the progress in therapeutic design, predictions can be made as to what the future holds for increasing the percentage of positive patient outcomes for optimized systems.

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Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and Interleukin-2 for Treatment of Superficial Bladder Cancer

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Secretion of human interleukin 2 by recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Secretion of human interleukin 2 by recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin Sensitises Fresh Transitional Carcinoma Cells and T24 Cell Line to Non‐MHC‐restricted Cytotoxicity in vitro

Glycoconjugate Nanoparticle-Based Systems in Cancer Immunotherapy: Novel Designs and Recent Updates

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