Baby with a Tail

Neuroectodermal Appendages: The Human Tail Explained

“…This tube may parasitize onto a limb and form a permanent or transient connection, as has been reported in the litera ture [3,9]. An example of the transient connection is seen in case 3 where there was a separate appendage on the extremity of the child.…”

“…One of our cases did have a constricting band around one upper extremity, although it did not contain any necrotic amniotic tissue, nor was it as impressive as most of the bands seen in ABS. A report by Jolly [3] also indicated that there were deep ring constrictions in a pa tient with a neuroectodermal appendage. The other problem with this theory is that, given the connection of neuroectodermal appendages with the spinal canal and neural elements, one would have to propose that the am niotic bands were formed very early in development; in deed, at the time of neural tube closure or at 3-4 weeks of gestation.…”

“…There have been a number of case reports in the liter ature depicting the 'human tail' [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Most have oc curred in the lumbar or sacrococcygeal region and range from a few centimeters in length to 13 cm in length.…”

Pseudotail Associated with Spinal Dysraphism

“…Pseudo tail is a secondary protrusion caused by various anomalies or neoplasms such as anomalous prolongation of vertebrae [2,7], lipoma [5,10], teratoma [4], chondrodys trophy [6] and parasitic fetus [3]. Therefore, only histological examination and/or X-ray examination are able to demonstrate these abnormalities in pseudotail.…”

The Human Tail Associated with Intraspinal Lipoma: Case Report

“…It may be as long as 13 cm, can move and contract. The pseudotail is an anomalous prolongation of the coccygeal vertebra [7,8], lipoma [3,9], teratoma [10], condrodystrophy [11], or parasitic fetus [12]. CT and MRI findings revealed the existence of a lipoma extending from the spinal canal to the skin.…”