„Baby M.“: Ein spektakulärer Fall der Mietmutterschaft

Keller, Rolf

doi:10.1515/juru.1987.1987.11.441

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Phthalonitrile-based polymers constitute a class of high-temperature thermosetting resins that has a number of exceptional properties such as high glass transition temperatures, outstanding thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, excellent mechanical properties, good moisture resistance and superior fire resistance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The many attractive properties of the phthalonitriles make these resins potential candidates for use as matrix materials in a variety of composite applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-melting Phthalonitrile Oligomers: Preparation, Polymerization and Polymer Properties

Dominguez

Keller

2006

High Performance Polymers

145

124

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A series of low-melting phthalonitrile oligomers were prepared in which variable-length multiple aromatic ether linkages interconnect the terminal phthalonitrile units. These materials were designed to address the need for a processable resin system with good high-temperature properties. The melt-processable oligomers are obtained using a modified-Ullman ether reaction between a bisphenol and a dihalobenzene to form a hydroxyl-terminated oligomeric intermediate that is endcapped by reaction with 4-nitrophthalonitrile. Viscosity measurements show that the phthalonitrile oligomers are polymerized at a moderate temperature (200°C) using the typical aromatic diamine curing additives, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone and 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene. The oligomeric phthalonitrile/diamine mixtures exhibit a low complex melt viscosity (0.01-0.1 Pa s) at 200°C. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis is used to follow the polymerization as the oligomeric phthalonitrile/diamine mixtures are heated to elevated temperatures. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of thermally-cured oligomeric phthalonitrile polymers are systematically evaluated and compared with those of two other high temperature thermosetting phthalonitrile polymers, 4,4~-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl and 1,3- bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene. After thermal treatment at 425°C for 8 h, the oligomeric phthalonitrile polymers exhibit char yields of 70% when heated to 1000°C in flowing nitrogen and decomposition temperatures in excess of 500°C when heated in either flowing nitrogen or air. Rheometric measurements indicate that the fully cured oligomeric phthalonitrile polymers do not soften or exhibit a glass transition temperature upon heating to 450°C. Overall, studies on the phthalonitrile oligomers and the corresponding polymers reveal an attractive combination of processability, thermal and thermo-oxidative stability and good dynamic mechanical properties for these materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-melting Phthalonitrile Oligomers: Preparation, Polymerization and Polymer Properties

Dominguez

Keller

2006

High Performance Polymers

145

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many on the religious anti-gay right promote the ideas that homosexuals present various dangers to children, lead unhappy and short lives, are prone to diseases, and have an agenda that includes the destruction of Christianity (Potok, 2010). These ideas are reinforced by self-appointed leaders, such as news personalities, who spew out hatred and conspiracy theories in the mainstream media, targeting African Americans, Jews, Latinos, gays, undocumented immigrants, environmentalists, you name it (Keller, Potok, & Schlatter, 2010). Using all of this same ammunition, our political and religious leaders are teaching fear and hatred of LGBT people, and media personalities are intensifying the message through their constant harangues.…”

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confidence: 99%