Babinet’s principle for optical frequency metamaterials and nanoantennas

Zentgraf, Thomas; Meyrath, Todd P.; Seidel, Andreas; Kaiser, Stefan; Gießen, Harald; Rockstuhl, Carsten; Lederer, F.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.033407

Cited by 195 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The black arrows indicate the incident linear polarization. As expected from Babinet's principle and in agreement with the literature [11,12], interchanging SRR↔ CSRR is accompanied by interchanging transmittance↔ reflectance and by interchanging horizontal↔ vertical incident linear polarization. In particular, Babinet's principle applies to the fundamental resonance at around 1.5 m wavelength.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…First, we present new experimental results on complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs), i.e., SRRs in which the metal in the sample plane is replaced by air and vice versa. According to the generalized Babinet's principle [11,12], magnetic and electric fields are interchanged with respect to SRR (precisely, E ជ ͑r ជ , t͒ ↔ −c 0 B ជ ͑r ជ , t͒). Hence, the magnetic-dipole moment of the SRR turns into an electric-dipole moment of the CSRR, allowing us to investigate whether the magnetic-dipole moment is crucial for efficient SHG.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-harmonic generation from complementary split-ring resonators

Feth¹,

Lindén²,

Klein

et al. 2008

Opt. Lett.

119

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We present experiments on second-harmonic generation from arrays of magnetic split-ring resonators and arrays of complementary split-ring resonators. In both cases, the fundamental resonance is excited by the incident femtosecond laser pulses under normal incidence, leading to comparably strong second-harmonic signals. These findings are discussed in terms of Babinet's principle and in terms of a recently developed microscopic classical theory that leads to good agreement regarding the relative and the absolute nonlinear signal strengths. The hydrodynamic convective contribution is found to be the dominant source of secondharmonic generation-in contrast to a previous assignment [Science 313, 502 (2006) Photonic metamaterials are an emerging class of tailored composite effective materials that can provide interesting optical properties such as, e.g., magnetism at elevated frequencies [1][2][3] or an enhanced nonlinear optical response [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Indeed, in a series of recent experiments [6-8], we have observed second-harmonic generation (SHG) from planar arrays of gold split-ring resonators (SRRs) exhibiting a pronounced magnetic-dipole response. In essence, a SRR is an almost closed loop of a metal wire that can be viewed as a subwavelength electromagnet in which the incident light field induces a circulating oscillating electrical current, leading to a local magnetic field (magnetic-dipole moment) perpendicular to the SRR plane. It has been found [7,8] that arrays of gold "T"s show SHG that is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the gold SRR arrays-despite the facts that the "T"s also exhibit a resonance at the incident fundamental laser frequency and that they are also known to exhibit pronounced local field enhancements.In this Letter, we aim at further clarifying the underlying mechanism. First, we present new experimental results on complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs), i.e., SRRs in which the metal in the sample plane is replaced by air and vice versa. According to the generalized Babinet's principle [11,12], magnetic and electric fields are interchanged with respect to SRR (precisely, E ជ ͑r ជ , t͒ ↔ −c 0 B ជ ͑r ជ , t͒). Hence, the magnetic-dipole moment of the SRR turns into an electric-dipole moment of the CSRR, allowing us to investigate whether the magnetic-dipole moment is crucial for efficient SHG. Second, we compare these experimental results with numerical calculations based on a recently developed microscopic classical theory of the metal-based metamaterial optical nonlinearities [13].The samples for our experiments are fabricated by standard electron-beam lithography, electron-beam evaporation of the 25 nm thick gold layer onto a glass substrate coated with a 5 nm thin film of indium tin oxide (ITO), and subsequent lift-off. Details can be found in [14]. The SRR and the CSRR arrays have been fabricated on two different glass substrates, however, with closely similar processing steps. The footprint of each array is 100 m ϫ 100 m. Electron micrographs of representativ...

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supporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-harmonic generation from complementary split-ring resonators

Feth¹,

Lindén²,

Klein

et al. 2008

Opt. Lett.

119

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“…Previous studies have established that the principle holds for samples of small finite thickness. [48] Our results are therefore an extension of these studies for even thicker samples (more than double).…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Circular Dichroism in Higher‐Order Diffraction Beams from Chiral Quasiplanar Nanostructures

Kuppe

Williams

You

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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sensing. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Several relevant reviews have been published recently. [11][12][13] Circular dichroism (CD) is routinely used to investigate chiral nanomaterials, which absorb and scatter left-and right-circularly polarized light (LCP and RCP) differently depending on the handedness of the nanostructures. Such nanostructures can give rise to much stronger CD than chiral molecules, in part because the pitch of the twist is better matched to optical wavelengths. [14][15][16][17][18] In metal nanoparticles, localized surface plasmon resonances (coherent oscillations of the free electrons at the surface) can greatly enhance the light-matter interaction and, by extension, the chiroptical interactions. [19][20][21][22] In general, chiroptical interactions can be enhanced by increasing the chirality parameter of the nanostructures [23,24] or of light (optical chirality). [25] Most investigations have been performed on structures with subwavelength dimensions, chiefly because this enables their theoretical treatment within an effective medium approximation. [26] However, diffractive chiral nanomaterials are also of great interest because the CD measured in the diffracted beams can be orders of magnitude larger than that in the zeroth-order beam. [27] Although previous studies have addressed the CD in diffracted beams, those studies were limited to zeroth-and first-order beams. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Here, we investigate chiral metal nanostructures that exhibit large CD in the diffracted beams. We show that, for our structures, the third-order diffraction beam gives the strongest CD response. This CD changes sign depending on wavelength. Our results are validated by a good agreement between numerical and experimental data. Moreover, we establish the robustness of our findings by making use of Babinet's principle. In order to identify the origin of the effect, we provide numerical simulations of the near field. These simulations show that for LCP and RCP beams, a difference in the electromagnetic response at the surface can be linked to the far-field CD.The samples measured in this study were fabricated using electron beam lithography (EBL)-a detailed description can be found in the Experimental Section. In Figure 1a, the dimensions and depth profile are schematically shown. The gold U-shaped structures are 1 µm in length, have a separation of 200 nm, and a highly subwavelength thickness. Each square unit cell consists of four U-shaped gold structures rotated by 90° with respect to each other. The dimensions of the actual Miniaturization down to the nanoscale has enabled a new paradigm of ultrathin optical devices, capable of manipulating the direction, polarization, and frequency of light. Great interest is drawn by the promising prospects of deep-subwavelength material dimensions. However, interesting properties and opportunities offered by structures with sizes comparable to the wavelength of light appear to have been overlooked. Here, quasiplanar chiral arrays made of gold are considered and show th...

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“…Instead of antennae one can also design metamaterials based on inverse structures, i.e. sub--wavelength apertures in a metallic sheet [19][20][21] and utilise Babinet's principle 22,23 or extraordinary transmission 24 based on surface--plasmon excitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic meta-atoms and metasurfaces

2014

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Despite the extraordinary degree of interest in optical metamaterials in recent years the hoped--for devices and applications have, in large part, yet to emerge, and it is becoming clear that the first generation of metamaterial--based devices will more likely arise from their two--dimensional equivalents, metasurfaces. In this review we describe the recent progress made in the area of metasurfaces formed from plasmonic meta--atoms. In particular we approach the subject from the perspective of the fundamental excitations supported by the meta--atoms and the interactions between them. We also identify some areas ripe for future research, and indicate likely avenues for future device development.

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Babinet’s principle for optical frequency metamaterials and nanoantennas

Cited by 195 publications

References 17 publications

Second-harmonic generation from complementary split-ring resonators

Second-harmonic generation from complementary split-ring resonators

Circular Dichroism in Higher‐Order Diffraction Beams from Chiral Quasiplanar Nanostructures

Plasmonic meta-atoms and metasurfaces

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