Babies for Sale: Market Ethics and the New Reproductive Technologies

Hirschman, Elizabeth C.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.1991.tb00010.x

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Extant research on the interests of consumer in the marketplace has touched on important matters that are integrally related to those developing in the transitioning marijuana industry. These include: (1) vulnerable consumers and race (Collins, Schmeiser, and Urban 2013;Kopak et al 2011;Lee and Soberon-Ferrer 1997;Mansfield and Pinto 2008); (2) product quality and consistency (Burton and Creyer 2004;Mohr, Eroǧlu, and Ellen 1998;Royne, Levy, and Martinez 2011); (3) labeling and labeling requirements (Hieke and Taylor 2012;Loureiro, McCluskey, and Mittelhammer 2002); (4) controversial and/or potentially detrimental products or services (Hirschman 1991;Reichert 2003;Roberts and Jones 2001;Wojciechowski 2018;Wolburg 2006); and (5) government regulation (Caulkins and Bond 2012;Davenport and Caulkins 2016;Galloway 2003;Quinones et al 2013;Warren 2008).…”

Section: Background Legislation On Marijuanamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dual Legality of Marijuana in the United States: Implications of Conflicting Government Policies on Consumer Well‐being

Simkins¹,

Geiger-Oneto²

2019

Journal of Consumer Affairs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Academics have recently become interested in the process by which socially controversial behaviors or practices (i.e., gambling, cosmetic procedures, drug use) become acceptable or legitimate. This article examines the “dual legality” of marijuana and its impact on consumer‐related hazards through the lens of current legislation and extant literature. Simply stated, what are the implications of conflicting government policies for consumers' well‐being? The intended contributions of this work are to offer significant insights into an issue of current topical and public policy importance for consumers' interests. Importantly, this work will serve as a foundation for future research on this unique product in its implications for consumers who are fundamentally altering the way in which a product is viewed and regulated.

show abstract

Section: Background Legislation On Marijuanamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dual Legality of Marijuana in the United States: Implications of Conflicting Government Policies on Consumer Well‐being

Simkins¹,

Geiger-Oneto²

2019

Journal of Consumer Affairs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As Einstein said, “That which is learned, cannot be unlearned.” What rules can be used to decide which transactions are acceptable and which are not? (Hirschman, 1991, pp. 378, 381).…”

Section: People As Means and As Ends In Themselvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Titmuss details in his study, however, there are forces in society which see blood as an essential part of the human person, a part that must not be traded willy‐nilly on any market. At the time of Hirschman's publication in the USA, commercial market transactions in human organs were legally banned there, and yet it was there that markets in blood emerged early on (Hirschman, 1991, pp. 360‐61).…”

Section: People As Means and As Ends In Themselvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutions interact with economic actors: plea for a general institutional economics

Held

Nutzinger

2003

International Journal of Social Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In contrast to traditional welfare economics, new institutional economics has made a major contribution to analyzing institutions as both preconditions and elements of economic activities. By including institutions’ incentives and restrictions on human beings, it has made a significant first step toward the further development of economic science. The usual starting point, however, is a world without uncertainty where so‐called “anomalies” from “rational” behavior cannot occur; but in this world, institutions are not necessary either. Related research demonstrates the relevance of factors like intrinsic motivation, internalization of norms, habit formation, etc., but these characteristics are typically treated in a half‐hearted way as mere anomalies. Instead, it is time to take the full second step and to include the effects of institutions on economic actors as well as to take the third step, namely, to consider the fact that economic agents form institutions. We exemplify these further steps and look on the interaction between institutions and economic actors which leads to a general institutional economics.

show abstract

“…All this prompted a new legislation that was progressively adapted to new demands of society (Fagot-Largeault, 1987). Simultaneously, dissenting voices appeared that criticized the commodification of human life, its conditioning and its designing (Hirschman, 1991). Contrary, other authors emerged criticizing the alarmism and encouraging the development of suitable legislation to avoid abuses (Resnik, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Challenges of Germline Genetic Enhancement

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The new reproductive technologies have opened the door to different processes of germline genetic enhancement by which the characteristics of an individual according to the interests of the agents involved could be selected during its gestation. Although the initiative is apparently oriented towards developing individuals that would excel in society, critical voices raise the concerns about that this approach would generate and need for a reflection on the ethical, social and legal implications of these techniques and their implementation in society. We reviewed the literature about these issues throughout their historical records to date, focusing on the moral arguments and non-clinical aspects that affect the legal and social environment. We have observed various trends of thought with divergent positions (proactive, preventive, and regulatory) as well as a large number of articles that try to reconcile the different approaches. This review illustrates a series of concepts from the ethics and philosophy fields which are frequently used in studies that evaluate the ethical implications of germline genetic enhancement, such as dignity, benefit, autonomy, and identity. In addition, amongst the many unresolved controversies surrounding genetic enhancement, we identify procreative beneficence, genetic disassociation, gender selection, the value of disability, embryo chimerization, and the psychosocial inequality of potentially enhanced individuals as crucial. We also develop possible scenarios for future debate. We consider especially important the definition and specification of three aspects which are essential for the deployment of new reproductive technologies: the moral status of the embryo undergoing enhancement, the legal status of the enhanced individual, and the responsibility of the agents executing the enhancement. Finally, we propose the precautionary principle as a means to navigate ethical uncertainties.

show abstract

Babies for Sale: Market Ethics and the New Reproductive Technologies

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

The Dual Legality of Marijuana in the United States: Implications of Conflicting Government Policies on Consumer Well‐being

The Dual Legality of Marijuana in the United States: Implications of Conflicting Government Policies on Consumer Well‐being

Institutions interact with economic actors: plea for a general institutional economics

Ethical Challenges of Germline Genetic Enhancement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About