Babesiosis in Washington State: A New Species of Babesia?

Quick, Robert; Herwaldt, Barbara L.; Thomford, John W.; Garnett, Michael E.; Eberhard, Mark L.; Wilson, Marianna; Spach, David H.; Dickerson, Jennifer W.; Telford, Sam R.; Steingart, Karen R; Pollock, Richard A.; Persing, David H.; Kobayashi, John M.; Juranek, Dennis D.; Conrad, Patricia A.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00006

Cited by 179 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…in humans in the United States (8,20,21). The piroplasm that is most closely related to B. conradae is B. duncani, isolated from a human in the western United States (8,40). The results obtained from 18S rRNA gene sequences correspond with the ITS2 results of Kjemtrup and Conrad (20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Babesia lengau sp. nov., a Novel Babesia Species in Cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus , Schreber, 1775) Populations in South Africa

et al. 2010

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In a previous paper, we reported on a large number of cheetah blood specimens that gave positive signals only for Babesia and/or Theileria genus-specific probes on the reverse line blot (RLB) assay, indicating the presence of a novel species or variant of an existing species. Some of these specimens were investigated further by microscopic, serological, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The near-full-length 18S rRNA genes of 13 samples, as well as the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region, were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. A species-specific RLB probe, designed to target the hypervariable V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene for detection of the novel Babesia sp., was used to screen an additional 137 cheetah blood specimens for the presence of the species. The prevalence of infection was 28.5%. Here we describe the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the novel species, which we have named Babesia lengau sp. nov.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Babesia lengau sp. nov., a Novel Babesia Species in Cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus , Schreber, 1775) Populations in South Africa

et al. 2010

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“…represented by strain WA-1 isolated from a patient in Washington state with an intact spleen and a normal immune system and closely related organisms in a series of asplenic patients from California have caused severe, even fatal, illness (67,69). The presence of antibodies in neighbors of the Washington case and seroprevalence of 16% in Monterey County, California, suggest that the infection has milder forms and occurs more often than previously recognized.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…closely related to the canine pathogen, B. gibsoni), and MO1 (a Babesia sp. closely related to B. divergens) (35,66,67,69,81). The major recognized babesial pathogen in the United States is B. microti, which resides in the same reservoir mammal host, P. leucopus, and vector tick, I. scapularis, as HGE and Borrelia burgdorferi.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Transmitted Infectious Diseases in the United States

Walker

1998

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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The epidemiologic concept of tick-transmitted diseases has increased in importance with the recognition of the emerging infectious diseases, Lyme borreliosis, human monocytotropic and granulocytotropic ehrlichioses, and three different babesioses. Effective public health control of these diseases would depend upon critical knowledge of the vector biology of the ticks that transmit them. Rocky Mountain spotted fever and the human ehrlichioses are life-threatening yet treatable diseases. A major problem remains establishment of the diagnosis when treatment decisions are being made. Clinical manifestations, other than erythema migrans for Lyme borreliosis, do not provide strong diagnostic clues. Ehrlichiae or babesiae are often not detected in peripheral blood smears. Frequently there are no antibodies to these diverse agents at the time of presentation, and isolation does not yield sensitive and timely results. Polymerase chain reaction, still a research tool, promises the greatest sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness. Prevention by vaccines is not yet a reality, although OspA-based vaccines offer hope for the prevention of Lyme disease.

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“…In contrast, hundreds of human babesiosis cases in the northeast and midwest United States have been attributed to Babesia microti, the rodent babesia transmitted by Ixodes scapularis (Ixodes dammini). Newly emerging species, referred to as WA1 and CA1, have been found to cause human infection in the western United States (15,16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human babesiosis has sometimes been diagnosed initially as malaria (13,16,29; J. B. Bush, M. Isaacson, A. S. Mohamed, F. T. Potgieter, and D. T. de Waal, Letter, S. Afr.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%