Babesia Life Cycle – When Phylogeny Meets Biology

Jalovecká, Marie; Sojka, Daniel; Ascencio, Mariano E.; Schnittger, Leonhard

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2019.01.007

Cited by 131 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…infect domestic and wildlife animals, and humans, and cause severe hemolytic disease [1]. Molecular phylogeny corroborates the taxonomic entities of Babesia (sensu stricto) as a monophyletic group referred to as Clade VI while in contrast, Babesia (sensu lato) parasites represent a complex of species that can be assigned to at least two other monophyletic piroplasmid groups, designated as Clade I ("Babesia microti-like piroplasmids") and Clade II (western group) [2].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…(Clade II, III) [2,28]. [2,28]. A neighbor-joining phylogram of the same sequences analyzed by ML showed corresponding topology and bootstraps to the ML analysis (Additional file 2: Figure S1).…”

Section: Molecular Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…that has been reported from ruminants and humans (GenBank: AF158705-AF158708), represents a strongly supported sister clade (bs: 100) to all other species and is thus most distantly related to B. negevi n. sp. (Clade II, III) [2,28]. [2,28].…”

Section: Molecular Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, pairwise comparison of the 18S rRNA gene hypervariable region of B. negevi n. sp. from [28,31] whereas the second Roman number corresponds to a recently revised novel clade designation [2]. The GenBank accession number, host and country of origin are included for each sequence.…”

Section: Molecular Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new piroplasmid species infecting dogs: morphological and molecular characterization and pathogeny of Babesia negevi n. sp.

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Babesiosis is a protozoan tick-borne infection associated with anemia and life-threatening disease in humans, domestic and wildlife animals. Dogs are infected by at least six well-characterized Babesia spp. that cause clinical disease. Infection with a piroplasmid species was detected by light microscopy of stained blood smears from five sick dogs from Israel and prompted an investigation on the parasite's identity. Methods: Genetic characterization of the piroplasmid was performed by PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Four of the dogs were co-infected with Borrelia persica (Dschunkowsky, 1913), a relapsing fever spirochete transmitted by the argasid tick Ornithodoros tholozani Laboulbène & Mégnin. Co-infection of dogs with B. persica raised the possibility of transmission by O. tholozani and therefore, a piroplasmid PCR survey of ticks from this species was performed. Results: The infected dogs presented with fever (4/5), anemia, thrombocytopenia (4/5) and icterus (3/5). Comparison of the 18S rRNA and cox1 piroplasmid gene sequences revealed 99-100% identity between sequences amplified from different dogs and ticks. Phylogenetic trees demonstrated a previously undescribed species of Babesia belonging to the western group of Babesia (sensu lato) and closely related to the human pathogen Babesia duncani Conrad, Kjemtrup, Carreno, Thomford, Wainwright, Eberhard, Quick, Telfrom & Herwalt, 2006 while more moderately related to Babesia conradae Kjemtrup, Wainwright, Miller, Penzhorn & Carreno, 2006 which infects dogs. The piroplasm forms detected included tetrads (Maltese cross), merozoite and trophozoite stages whose average size was larger than stages of other canine Babesia spp. belonging to the Babesia (s.l.) and B. gibsoni Patton, 1910, and smaller than other canine Babesia (sensu stricto) spp. Of 212 O. tholozani ticks surveyed, 11 (5.2%) harbored DNA of the new species of Babesia. Conclusions: Babesia negevi n. sp. is described based on morphological and genetic characterization and phylogenetic analyses. The species is named after the Negev desert of southern Israel, where the first infected dog originated from. Despite co-infection in four dogs, the fifth dog had fatal disease attesting that B. negevi n. sp. infection requires clinical attention. Incriminating O. tholozani or another tick species as the vector of Babesia negevi n. sp., would require additional studies.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Molecular Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Molecular Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new piroplasmid species infecting dogs: morphological and molecular characterization and pathogeny of Babesia negevi n. sp.

et al. 2020

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“…By recognizing microbial particles and activating antimicrobial defense systems such as prophenoloxidase and Toll receptor cascade, it is possible to induce the production of antimicrobial peptides [68] that have a negative effect on parasite multiplication and survival [69]. Together with the presence of only a GO term (GO term: "response to stress") associated to cellular response (N = 2), as well as the absence of proteins related to "regulation of biological quality" and "response to chemical," this cellular response suggest that Babesia is recognized by R. bursa SG cells in a moderate manner, producing lower levels of such proteins because of its evolutionary relationship [70,71].…”

Section: Effect Of Babesia Infection On R Bursa Sialoproteomementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Metabolic Pathways Affected by Babesia Infection and Blood Feeding in the Sialoproteome of the Vector Rhipicephalus bursa

et al. 2020

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The negative impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on animals and human health is driving research to discover novel targets affecting both vectors and pathogens. The salivary glands are involved in feeding and pathogen transmission, thus are considered as a compelling target to focus research. In this study, proteomics approach was used to characterize Rhipicephalus bursa sialoproteome in response to Babesia ovis infection and blood feeding. Two potential tick protective antigens were identified and its influence in tick biological parameters and pathogen infection was evaluated. Results demonstrate that the R. bursa sialoproteome is highly affected by feeding but infection is well tolerated by tick cells. The combination of both stimuli shifts the previous scenario and a more evident pathogen manipulation can be suggested. Knockdown of ub2n led to a significative increase of infection in tick salivary glands but a brusque decrease in the progeny, revealing its importance in the cellular response to pathogen infection, which is worth pursuing in future studies. Additionally, an impact in the recovery rate of adults (62%), the egg production efficiency (45.75%), and the hatching rate (88.57 %) was detected. Building knowledge on vector and/or pathogen interplay bridges the identification of protective antigens and the development of novel control strategies.

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A global systematic review and meta‐analysis on the babesiosis in dogs with special reference to Babesia canis

Abdoli,

Olfatifar,

Badri

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundCanine babesiosis is a clinically significant tick‐transmitted disease caused by several species of the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite Babesia, which result in a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild, transient infection to serious disease and even death.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to estimate the global prevalence and associated risk factors of Babesia in dogs.MethodsMultiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literature published from January 2000 up to December 2022. The statistical analyses were performed based on the R software (version 3.6) meta‐package.ResultsOut of 23,864 publications, 229 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of canine babesiosis was 0.120 (95% CI; 0.097–0.146). The highest pooled prevalence was found in Europe (0.207, 95% CI; 0.097–0.344). Among several species, Babesia canis was the most prevalent parasite (0.216, 95% CI; 0.056–0.441). The highest pooled prevalence of Babesia in dogs was observed in the summer season (0.097, 95% CI; 0.040–0.174).ConclusionsRegular screening and appropriate control strategies are recommended for the prevention of transmission of tick‐borne disease transmission among dogs.

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Babesia Life Cycle – When Phylogeny Meets Biology

Cited by 131 publications

References 84 publications

A new piroplasmid species infecting dogs: morphological and molecular characterization and pathogeny of Babesia negevi n. sp.

A new piroplasmid species infecting dogs: morphological and molecular characterization and pathogeny of Babesia negevi n. sp.

Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Metabolic Pathways Affected by Babesia Infection and Blood Feeding in the Sialoproteome of the Vector Rhipicephalus bursa

A global systematic review and meta‐analysis on the babesiosis in dogs with special reference to Babesia canis

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