B1‐ and CD5‐Positive B Cells

Renaudineau, Yves; Bariller, Edwige; Pers, Jacques Olivier

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0024242

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In human B cells, HERV-E insertion introduces another promoter for the cd5 gene, and enables transcription of a fusion transcript that splices in CD5 exon 2 with the consequence of an ORF shift to exon 3, leading to an intracellular variant of CD5 [ 26 ]. The LTR2-CD5 fusion transcripts are found in lymphoid organs, and such expression is confined to B cells with the higher expression observed in the B1 cell subset [ 27 , 28 ]. We have not detected proviral HERV-E.CD5 transcripts containing gag and/or env genes.…”

Section: The Herv-e Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Endogenous Retrovirus Group E and Its Involvement in Diseases

Dantec

Vallet

Brooks

et al. 2015

Viruses

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Human endogenous retrovirus group E (HERV-E) elements are stably integrated into the human genome, transmitted vertically in a Mendelian manner, and are endowed with transcriptional activity as alternative promoters or enhancers. Such effects are under the control of the proviral long terminal repeats (LTR) that are organized into three HERV-E phylogenetic subgroups, namely LTR2, LTR2B, and LTR2C. Moreover, HERV-E expression is tissue-specific, and silenced by epigenetic constraints that may be disrupted in cancer, autoimmunity, and human placentation. Interest in HERV-E with regard to these conditions has been stimulated further by concerns regarding the capacity of HERV-E elements to modify the expression of neighboring genes and/or to produce retroviral proteins, including immunosuppressive env peptides, which in turn may induce (auto)-antibody (Ab) production. Finally, better understanding of HERV-E elements may have clinical applications for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

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Section: The Herv-e Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Endogenous Retrovirus Group E and Its Involvement in Diseases

Dantec

Vallet

Brooks

et al. 2015

Viruses

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“…Mammals can produce NAbs without antigenic stimulation and NAbs sometimes serve other functions such as removal of aged cells or antibodies (Baumgarth, Tung, & Herzenberg, 2005). NAbs are produced by a class of B cells termed B-1 cells and are credited with protecting organisms of a variety of taxa from pathogens, which the organism was not previously exposed to (Renaudineau, Bariller, & Olivier Pers, 2014). Determining whether or not the characteristics of NAbs in reptiles are similar to mammals will help to understand how reptiles produce an efficient immune response while lacking a robust adaptive response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between parasitic infection and natural antibodies, age, and sex in a long‐lived vertebrate

Stromsland

Zimmerman

2017

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Reptilian immune systems are believed to rely more heavily on the innate response than the adaptive response. Past research on reptilian immune systems has indicated that natural antibodies (NAbs) play an important role in fighting antigens as the first responder and initiating the innate immune response. However, there is a gap in research on NAbs in reptiles as there is little data on how they may influence parasite prevalence in reptiles. Furthermore, no studies have examined NAbs at mucosal sites, which represent an important point of entry for parasites. We investigated NAbs in male and female red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) in order to begin to fill this gap in our understanding. Plasma and mucosal samples were collected from T. scripta to determine total immunoglobulin levels in relation to intestinal parasite load, which was determined from fecal samples. We also determined antibody levels to various antigens to examine if NAbs are present in mucosal samples and how levels compare to plasma NAbs. In female turtles, parasite intensity decreased with increasing host age and mucosal antibody levels. We also found that the levels of antibodies that bind to a novel antigen and an antigen they are likely to have encountered were significantly related in both plasma and mucosal samples, indicating a NAb response. This study contributes to our understanding of how reptiles may rely on a broad innate response that allows them to resist potential pathogens while potentially avoiding some negative consequences of immunosenescence.

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“…This integration occurred just prior to the divergence of hominoids from old world monkeys 25 million years ago [14]. In SLE B cells, defective DNA methylation at HERV-CD5 promoter introduces an alternative promoter for the cd5 gene, and enables transcription of a fusion transcript with the consequence of an intracellular variant of CD5 [15,16], which could, in turn, promote B cell autoreactivity [17,18].…”

Section: Retrotransposonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and Differences of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Lupus and Sjogren's Syndrome

Charras²,

Brooks³

et al. 2016

Lupus Open Access

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome are two systemic autoimmune diseases, which are believed to develop when genetically predisposed individuals undergo epigenetic modifications in response to environmental factors. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these two diseases suggest a multi-step process involving environmental factors leading to distinct cell specific deregulation of the epigenetic machinery, and the effect is reinforced in those patients with risk variants mapping to epigenetically-controlled immune regulators. Finally, it was observed that the PKC-delta/Erk/DNMT1 pathway was altered in both diseases and the effects could be reversed thus providing arguments to suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway would be effective in both diseases.

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B1‐ and CD5‐Positive B Cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Human Endogenous Retrovirus Group E and Its Involvement in Diseases

Human Endogenous Retrovirus Group E and Its Involvement in Diseases

Relationships between parasitic infection and natural antibodies, age, and sex in a long‐lived vertebrate

Similarities and Differences of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Lupus and Sjogren's Syndrome

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