B-VNF: Blockchain-enhanced Architecture for VNF Orchestration in MEC-5G Networks

Abstract

The roll-out of 5G technology will nurture the realization of broadband, ultra-reliable, and zero latency services. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) are among the key enablers for 5G. The synergy between NFV and MEC allows migration of Virtual Network Functions (VNF) from cloud to the edge of the network thereby adding agility to the softwarized 5G networks. The overall orchestration of VNF includes, but is not limited to, processing VNF requests, selecting appropriate VNF, migrating VNF from cloud to MEC, instantiating migrated VNF at MEC, settling payment according to a VNF's usage, maintaining VNF's reputation, etc. The orchestration is not foolproof and raises doubts about its trustworthiness. To address all the existing issues in a unified manner, we leverage Blockchain technology as yet another enabling technology for MEC-enabled 5G. Thus, we propose a Blockchain-enhanced architecture for secure VNF orchestration such that issues like authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, reputation, payment transfer, and many more are resolved. To furnish a Proof-of-Concept (PoC), we develop a prototypical DApp (Decentralized Application) using Ethereum Blockchain and Suricata as an exemplar VNF. Further, we discuss the strong resiliency of the proposed architecture against numerous well-known attacks.

VeNiCE: Enabling Automatic VNF Management based on Smart Contract Events

“…For this work, cost is not the primary concern. Still, VeNiCE requires less gas (total of 257 924) to deploy a VNF than related work, such as [23], which requires 1 818 026 gas for its contract execution. The prototype was implemented to show the technical feasibility of implementing such a system for VNF deployment and life-cycle management.…”

“…In another approach, B-VNF [23] proposes a BC-based orchestration architecture for 5G networks. [36] similarly utilizes BCs for orchestration.…”

Reinforcement learning based blockchain model for revoking unauthorized access in Virtualized Network Functions‐based Internet of Things Mobile Edge Computing

“…8 However, the dynamic nature of VNFs and their distribution across edge devices increase the attack surface and potential vulnerabilities. 9 One of the critical challenges in VNF-based IoT MEC systems is the prompt detection and revocation of unauthorized access. Unauthorized access to VNF-based IoT MEC systems can lead to data breaches, privacy violations, and service disruptions.…”

“…They facilitate dynamic deployment and management of functions like routing, security, and traffic optimization, optimizing resource allocation based on IoT device and application demands at the network edge 8 . However, the dynamic nature of VNFs and their distribution across edge devices increase the attack surface and potential vulnerabilities 9 …”

Blockchain-Based Security Framework for VNF Package Protection in 5G Network Slicing Services

“…The non-hierarchical architecture proposed in the paper revolutionizes the management of Network Slicing requests, offering several advantages over traditional hierarchical models. (Mishra et al, 2020) have developed and tested a Proof of Concept (PoC) called "BVNF" focusing on the security of VNF orchestration and their migration to the MEC. The system manages the announcement of a network virtualisation function as well as the validation of a VNF request by a MEC based on the latter's reputation.…”