<b>Virus Inactivation of Blood Products by Phenothiazine Dyes and Light</b>

Mohr, H.; Bachmann, Barbara J.; Klein-Struckmeier, Anette; Lambrecht, Bernd

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb08586.x

Cited by 75 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…MB and TB are commercial phenothiazine dyes widely accepted in medical practice. The photobactericidal ability of these dyes against different pathogenic organisms including viruses, bacteria and yeasts has been repeatedly demonstrated in the literature [4][5][6][7]. From these studies and our own investigations it might be assumed that TB is a more lethal photosensitizer of bacteria and yeasts whereas MB exhibits a greater efficacy against viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Interaction of the photobactericides methylene blue and toluidine blue with a fluorophore in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells

Усачева¹,

Teichert²,

Usachev

et al. 2008

Lasers Surg Med

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Background and Objectives: The difference in photobactericidal efficacy between methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue (TB) may be explained by their involvement with proteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and siderophores and siderophore-receptor protein complexes on the bacterial outer membrane. This study aims to determine if this is the case by using the fluorescence given off by a pseudomonal siderophore named pyoverdin. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the fluorescence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells excited at 488 nm in the presence of increasing dye concentrations. Results: Cellular fluorescence at 522 nm progressively decreased with increasing dye concentrations. The SternVolmer constants for cellular fluorescence quenching with the dyes were compared to the association constants for dyes complexed with LPS. The quenching of cellular fluorescence was associated with the formation of a ground-state complex between the dyes and pyoverdin-FpvA protein system. MB readily complexed with this system, whereas TB complexed more strongly with LPS. Conclusion: The different affinities of the dyes for both pyoverdin-protein and LPS will affect the contributions of the dyes' interactions with these biopolymers to the overall bacterial photodamage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Presently it is not yet understood why MB and TB possess similar photochemical and photophysical characteristics but exhibit different photobactericidal efficacies [7,8]. One possibility is that the different sites of location of MB and TB in the bacterial outer membrane influence the total bacterial damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of the photobactericides methylene blue and toluidine blue with a fluorophore in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells

Усачева¹,

Teichert²,

Usachev

et al. 2008

Lasers Surg Med

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“…Our strategy has therefore focused on complete inactivation of purified wild-type virus by using the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) and visible light (40). MB is already in use for routine treatment of fresh frozen plasma prior to infusion to inactivate viruses such as hepatitis C virus (33,35,42).…”

Section: Inactivation Of Ad Stimulation Of Ad-specific T Cells By Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Cross-Reactivity of CD4⁺Adenovirus-Specific T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy

Heemskerk¹,

Veltrop-Duits²,

Vreeswijk³

et al. 2003

J Virol

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“…PDT can be defined as eradication of target cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by means of a photosensitizing compound and light of an appropriate wavelength (6). Although PDT is more widely known for its application to the treatment of neoplasms, there is also interest in antimicrobial PDT, as a large number of microorganisms (including oral species) have been reported to be killed in vitro by this approach (21,27,31,40,43,46,47). Furthermore, the potencies of some key virulence factors (lipopolysaccharide and proteases) have also been shown to be reduced by photosensitization (18,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

Kömerik

Nakanishi

MacRobert

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

295

228

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major causative organisms of periodontitis and has been shown to be susceptible to toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vitro. The aims of the present study were to determine whether this technique could be used to kill the organism in the oral cavities of rats and whether this would result in a reduction in the alveolar bone loss characteristic of periodontitis. The maxillary molars of rats were inoculated with P. gingivalis and exposed to up to 48 J of 630-nm laser light in the presence of toluidine blue. The number of surviving bacteria was then determined, and the periodontal structures were examined for evidence of any damage. When toluidine blue was used together with laser light there was a significant reduction in the number of viable P. gingivalis organisms. No viable bacteria could be detected when 1 mg of toluidine blue per ml was used in conjunction with all light doses used. On histological examination, no adverse effect of photosensitization on the adjacent tissues was observed. In a further group of animals, after time was allowed for the disease to develop in controls, the rats were killed and the level of maxillary molar alveolar bone was assessed. The bone loss in the animals treated with light and toluidine blue was found to be significantly less than that in the control groups. The results of this study show that toluidine blue-mediated lethal photosensitization of P. gingivalis is possible in vivo and that this results in decreased bone loss. These findings suggest that photodynamic therapy may be useful as an alternative approach for the antimicrobial treatment of periodontitis.

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Virus Inactivation of Blood Products by Phenothiazine Dyes and Light

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Interaction of the photobactericides methylene blue and toluidine blue with a fluorophore in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells

Interaction of the photobactericides methylene blue and toluidine blue with a fluorophore in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells

Extensive Cross-Reactivity of CD4⁺Adenovirus-Specific T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

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Virus Inactivation of Blood Products by Phenothiazine Dyes and Light

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Interaction of the photobactericides methylene blue and toluidine blue with a fluorophore in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells

Interaction of the photobactericides methylene blue and toluidine blue with a fluorophore in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells

Extensive Cross-Reactivity of CD4+Adenovirus-Specific T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy

In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model

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Extensive Cross-Reactivity of CD4⁺Adenovirus-Specific T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy