B-virus from Pet Macaque Monkeys: An Emerging Threat in the United States?

Ostrowski, Sisse Rye; Leslie, Mitch; Parrott, Tonia; Abelt, S; Piercy, P E

doi:10.3201/eid0401.980117

Cited by 73 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In hosts for which they are adapted, herpesviruses often cause lesser disease than is seen in aberrant hosts. There are numerous examples of herpesviruses causing more severe disease in aberrant hosts (Ostrowski et al, 1998;Dunowska et al, 2001;Landolfi et al, 2005). Like falcons in the genus Falco, hawks in the genus Accipiter primarily prey on birds, and it is likely that these Cooper's Hawks acquired the virus through preying on Rock Pigeons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Columbid Herpesvirus-1 in Two Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter Cooperii) With Fatal Inclusion Body Disease

Pinkerton

Wellehan

Johnson

et al. 2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:We report two separate naturally occurring cases of fatal herpesviral disease in Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii). Gross lesions included splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, with diffuse pale mottling or scattered small white foci. Histologic lesions included splenic and hepatic necrosis associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies characteristic of herpesvirus. In one case, necrosis and inclusions were also noted in bone marrow, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, ceca, and the enteric system. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated viral particles typical of herpesvirus within hepatocyte nuclei and budding from the nuclear membrane. Herpesviral DNA was amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of paraffin-embedded liver and spleen, and sequence data were consistent with columbid herpesvirus-1, an alphaherpesvirus of Rock Pigeons (Columba livia). PCR results provide evidence that this disease is transmitted to raptors via Rock Pigeons, most likely through ingestion of Rock Pigeons as prey.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Columbid Herpesvirus-1 in Two Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter Cooperii) With Fatal Inclusion Body Disease

Pinkerton

Wellehan

Johnson

et al. 2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Few studies have investigated the possible contexts of transmission, that is, how pathogens are transmitted in the ''real world.'' For example, aside from a few articles on enzootic simian pathogens and their relationship to bushmeat hunting and pet ownership, virtually no published research has addressed other potential contexts for cross-species transmission [Chen et al, 1996[Chen et al, , 1997Goepfert et al, 1996;Ostrowski et al, 1998;Peters et al, 2002;Wolfe et al, 2004]. Furthermore, since HIV/SIV has yet to be detected in NHPs outside of Africa, the issue of crossspecies transmission in Asia and South America has been largely ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment: a model for predicting cross‐species transmission of simian foamy virus from macaques (M. fascicularis) to humans at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia

Engel

Hungerford

Jones‐Engel

et al. 2006

American J Primatol

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Contact between humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) frequently occurs at monkey temples (religious sites that have become associated with free-ranging populations of NHPs) in Asia, creating the potential for NHP-human disease transmission. In March 2003 a multidisciplinary panel of experts participated in a workshop designed to model the risk of NHP-human pathogen transmission. The panel developed a risk assessment model to describe the likelihood of cross-species transmission of simian foamy virus (SFV) from temple macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to visitors at monkey temples. SFV is an enzootic simian retrovirus that has been shown to be transmitted from NHPs to humans. In operationalizing the model field data, laboratory data and expert opinions were used to estimate the likelihood of SFV transmission within this context. This model sets the stage for a discussion about modeling as a risk assessment tool and the kinds of data that are required to accurately predict transmission.

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“…Left untreated, this virus has a greater than 70% mortality in humans (3,4). Between 73% and 100% of Macaques exhibit antibodies to the B virus by age 2-3 years, with at least 22 human transmissions recorded from 1932 through 1987 resulting in 20 cases of encephalitis (15 fatal) (3,5). Mode of transmission is primarily via oral secretions through broken skin, although one case of ocular transmission has been documented (5-7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As these animals mature, they exhibit increasingly aggressive behavior, with the risk of attack threefold greater for children (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1 Risk in a Child Bitten by a Bonnet Macaque Monkey

Tregle

Loe

Earhart

et al. 2011

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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B-virus from Pet Macaque Monkeys: An Emerging Threat in the United States?

Cited by 73 publications

References 12 publications

Columbid Herpesvirus-1 in Two Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter Cooperii) With Fatal Inclusion Body Disease

Columbid Herpesvirus-1 in Two Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter Cooperii) With Fatal Inclusion Body Disease

Risk assessment: a model for predicting cross‐species transmission of simian foamy virus from macaques (M. fascicularis) to humans at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia

Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1 Risk in a Child Bitten by a Bonnet Macaque Monkey

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