Tobacco prevention in hospitals. The British experience From Liz Batten (Department of Psychology, University of Southampton)

Abstract

There are three themes in this paper of interest to a UK audience. The first draws attention to the importance of congruity between the hospital environment and education about the harmfulness of smoking. A smoking policy is an integral part of the education process. Secondly, there are clear benefits to accrue from combining several educational elements in one smoking control programme, which has a synergistic effect. Thirdly, hospital staff are health promoters, too, and their training should reflect the importance of their public health role.

Anion Template Effect and the Polymerization Degree – Diversity through Flexibility

“…However, this requires an additional bridging element, the methanol molecules, in order to create the 3D connectivity. The frameworks with lower dimensionality are predominantly achieved when using the TNM ligand and the bulky anions BF 4 -and PF 6 -, and also in structures with smaller coordinative anions. [12] Scheme 1.…”

“…Interestingly, the pyridyl ligands are not eclipsed but arranged nearly perpendicularly. The square-planar coordination sphere of the Ag2 cations in the middle of the layer in M1 is arranged in a similar way to the Ag1 in the top and bottom of the layer: two pyridyl nitrogens [Ag-N distances of 2.101(1) and 2.146(2) Å] and two loosely bound fluorides of the neighboring BF 4 -anions [Ag-F distances 3.029(1) and 3.370(2) Å]. The coordination sphere is nondistorted.…”

“…The Ag1 cations bridging the TNM ligands in the top and bottom of the layers have a distorted square-planar coordination with the two pyridyl ligands [Ag-N distances of 2.167(1) and 2.174(2) Å] coordinated to opposite sides of the Ag I and two BF 4 -anions [Ag-F distances 2.883(2) and 2.947(2) Å] on the sides of the axis formed by the py-Ag-py coordination. The distortion of the coordination sphere manifests itself by the fluorides of the BF 4 -being positioned above the plane of the Ag I cation and the pyridyl nitrogens. This is explained by the steric repulsion of the layer of threefold interpenetrated frameworks which pushes the anions above the optimum arrangement.…”

“…The prevention of interpenetration can be achieved by using templates (e.g. solvents), bulky ligands, or as in our case, bulky, weakly coordinating anions such as PF 6 -, BF 4 -, or ClO 4 -. [9] The use of these anions indeed seems to block the formation of interpenetrated 3D frameworks, [10,11] but also often results in a network with lower dimensionality.…”

“…With yet another compound, some properties of the crystal -centrosymmetricity and porosity being good examples -can be dictated, although complete control still escapes the chemist in many cases. The efforts made to accumulate this knowledge have been documented to general crystal structure databases such as IUCR [2] for inorganic and CSD [3] for organic structures, as well as more specific databases including the metal-organic framework database of interpenetrated frameworks by S. R. Batten, [4] the triple interpenetration of the sheets of M1 reduced the void to 10.8 %. With the same ligand and a similar, weakly coordinating anion as that in M1, the structure M3 was rendered one-dimensional.…”