Solarization and natural heating of irrigated soil amended with cruciferous residues for improved control of Macrophomina phaseolina

Abstract

The efficacy of summer irrigation and soil solarization combined with cruciferous residues was tested against the dry root rot pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina in an arid climate. In irrigated amended soil, polyethylene mulching during May increased the soil temperature to 57ЊC and 50ЊC at depths of 0-15 and 16-30 cm, respectively. As a result, within l5 days the population of M. phaseolina was almost eradicated (93-99%) at both soil depths. A considerable reduction (75-96%) was also achieved by natural heating of irrigated soil (46-53ЊC) for l5 days after amending with cruciferous residues. Mulching alone was only partially effective (69-89% reduction). These results suggest a new approach to controlling soil-borne pathogens in hot, arid regions by combining summer irrigation with soil amendment. Amendment with residues alone or in conjunction with soil solarization also increased the population of lytic bacteria against M. phaseolina.

Solarização em microcosmo: efeito de materiais vegetais na sobrevivência de fitopatógenos de solo e na produção de voláteis

“…Esta observação procede, certamente, em virtude da diferença entre as metodologias aplicadas, onde as estruturas de resistência também sofreram a interferência dos microrganismos presentes no solo (1), indicando que houve influência de antagonistas (13), juntamente com a ação dos compostos voláteis e da condição de anaerobiose. Há relato de aumento da população de bactérias líticas em solo solarizado com a incorporação de resíduos de crucíferas no controle de M. phaseolina (18). No presente trabalho não houve a contribuição dos antagonistas, em função disto, houve apenas diminuição significativa da viabilidade das estruturas dos patógenos.…”

“…Dentro dos sulfurados, vários compostos voláteis são apontados como responsáveis pela ação fungitóxica a fitopatógenos de solo (8, 10,12,14,18,24). Além do grupo dos sulfurados para o brócolis foram verificadas outras particularidades com relação aos compostos voláteis oriundos da decomposição da mamona e mandioca mansa.…”

“…Além disso, são escassos os estudos sobre a purificação e o contato de gases fungitóxicos emanados de plantas com fitopatógenos para comprovar a sua eficácia no controle. Há na literatura relatos de gases de isotiocianatos emanados, principalmente, a partir de brássicas e sua correlação no controle de fitopatógenos (11,14,18,20).…”

Enhanced activity of introduced biocontrol agents in solarized soils and its implications on the integrated control of tomato damping-off caused by Pythium spp

“…Similar effects have been earlier reported with F. oxysporum f.sp. lyco- persici (Montealegre et al 1997), Macrophomina phaseolina (Lodha et al 1997) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini (Israel et al 2005) and F. oxysporum f.sp.…”

Development of a Sensitive Serological Method for Specific Detection of Latent Infection of Macrophomina phaseolina in Cowpea

“…Sudden disease outbreaks in mature plants may occur when plants are under stress and cause high yield losses in formerly healthy‐looking plants. Most of the existing control methods target a reduction of fungal propagules in soil as well as within the plant (Todd et al., 1987; Singh et al., 1990; Lodha et al., 1997), and therefore require as prerequisite the development of detection methods that rely less on visual symptoms.…”