B lymphocytes play a limited role in clearance of Campylobacter jejuni from the chicken intestinal tract

Lacharme-Lora, Lizeth; Chaloner, Gemma; Gilroy, Rachel; Humphrey, Suzanne; Gibbs, Kirsty; Jopson, Sue; Wright, Elli A.; Reid, William D.; Ketley, Julian M.; Humphrey, Tom J.; Williams, Nicola; Rushton, Steven; Wigley, Paul

doi:10.1038/srep45090

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…It varied from no impact on the Campylobacter cecal load to significant decreases of up to 4.2 log 10 CFU/g of cecal content. Taking all these results together, this means that additional mechanisms to antibodies may be involved in protection against Campylobacter , as it was recently suggested [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Promising new vaccine candidates against Campylobacter in broilers

et al. 2017

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Campylobacter is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the European Union. Birds represent the main reservoir of the bacteria, and human campylobacteriosis mainly occurs after consuming and/or handling poultry meat. Reducing avian intestinal Campylobacter loads should impact the incidence of human diseases. At the primary production level, several measures have been identified to reach this goal, including vaccination of poultry. Despite many studies, however, no efficient vaccine is currently available. We have recently identified new vaccine candidates using the reverse vaccinology strategy. This study assessed the in vivo immune and protective potential of six newly-identified vaccine antigens. Among the candidates tested on Ross broiler chickens, four (YP_001000437.1, YP_001000562.1, YP_999817.1, and YP_999838.1) significantly reduced cecal Campylobacter loads by between 2 and 4.2 log10 CFU/g, with the concomitant development of a specific humoral immune response. In a second trial, cecal load reductions results were not statistically confirmed despite the induction of a strong immune response. These vaccine candidates need to be further investigated since they present promising features.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Promising new vaccine candidates against Campylobacter in broilers

et al. 2017

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“…However, it has proven to be a formidable challenge to eliminate this natural commensal from its host during the period prior to slaughter, when the organism is immunologically silent (76). We have demonstrated that the E. coli-based C. jejuni N-glycan vaccine is equally effective in broiler chickens, reducing C. jejuni colonization to undetectable levels in most birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens

Nothaft

Pérez-Muñoz

Gouveia

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. To investigate whether the respondernonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. We previously developed a vaccine that reduces C. jejuni levels in egg-laying chickens. In this study, we improved vaccine performance in meat birds by supplementing the vaccine with probiotics. In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. We describe new methods for vaccine op-

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“…These results provide circumstantial evidence that C. jejuni -infection may be controlled by humoral immunity as suggested before [ 14 ]. In Cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised birds the same trend was observed that antibodies may play a significant role in the bacterial clearance phase later after inoculation [ 16 ]. Further studies need to be done, to evaluate the local C. jejuni -specific IgA-response to confirm the role of local humoral immunity in C. jejuni -colonization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…However, the role of humoral immunity in Campylobacter control has been discussed controversially [ 15 ]. Recent studies with chemically B cell-compromised chickens indicated that humoral immunity may be important in the clearance of C. jejuni from the small intestine [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious bursal disease virus inoculation infection modifies Campylobacter jejuni–host interaction in broilers

Li¹,

Pielsticker²,

Han³

et al. 2018

Gut Pathog

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BackgroundCampylobacter jejuni is considered as a chicken commensal. The gut microbiota and the immune status of the host may affect its colonization. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an immunosuppressive virus of chickens, which allows secondary pathogens to invade or exacerbates their pathogenesis. To investigate the effect of IBDV-induced immunosuppression on the pathogenesis of C. jejuni, broiler chickens were inoculated with a very virulent (vv) strain of IBDV at 14 days post hatch followed by C. jejuni inoculation at 7 (Experiment A) or 9 (Experiment B) days post virus (IBDV) inoculation.ResultsvvIBDV-infection led to a depression in caecal lamina propria B lymphocytes and the anti-C. jejuni-antibody response starting at 14 days post C. jejuni inoculation (pbi). The C. jejuni-colonization pattern was comparable between mono-inoculated groups of both experiments, but it varied for vvIBDV + C. jejuni co-inoculated groups. In Experiment A significant higher numbers of colony forming units (CFU) of C. jejuni were detected in the caecum of co-inoculated birds compared to C. jejuni-mono-inoculated birds in the early phase after C. jejuni-inoculation. In Experiment B the clearance phase was affected in the co-inoculated group with significantly higher CFU at 21 days pbi compared to the mono-inoculated group (P < 0.05). No major differences were seen in numbers local lamina propria T lymphocyte populations between C. jejuni-inoculated groups with or without vvIBDV-infection. Interestingly, both pathogens affected the microbiota composition. The consequences of these microflora changes for the host have to be elucidated further.ConclusionOur data suggests that the timing between viral and bacterial infection might affect the outcome of C. jejuni colonization differently. Our results confirm previous studies that anti-Campylobacter-antibodies may specifically be important for the clearance phase of the bacteria. Therefore, as vvIBDV is widely distributed in the field, it may have a significant impact on the colonization and shedding rate of C. jejuni in commercial poultry flocks. Subsequently, successful IBDV-control strategies may indirectly also benefit the gut-health of chickens.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-018-0241-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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B lymphocytes play a limited role in clearance of Campylobacter jejuni from the chicken intestinal tract

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Promising new vaccine candidates against Campylobacter in broilers

Promising new vaccine candidates against Campylobacter in broilers

Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens

Infectious bursal disease virus inoculation infection modifies Campylobacter jejuni–host interaction in broilers

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