B Lymphocyte as a Target of Bacterial Infections

Castañeda‐Sánchez, Jorge Ismael; Duarte, Ana Rosa Muñoz; Domínguez-López, MaríaLilia; Cruz-López, Juan José De la; JulietaLuna-Herrera,

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69346

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…B1 cells produce IgM as natural antibodies independent from infection and are accountable for most of the circulating IgM, but can also actively respond to T cell-independent antigenic stimulation, especially to encapsulated bacteria ( 37 ). B1 cells are mobilized in response to pathogens and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, where they secrete IgM antibodies ( 52 ). Thus, B1 cells represent the first line of defense in bacterial infection and link innate and adaptive immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Breitfelder

Schrödl²,

Rungelrath³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important porcine pathogen, causing severe disease like meningitis and septicemia primarily in piglets. Previous work showed that the IgM-degrading enzyme of S. suis (IdeSsuis) specifically cleaves soluble porcine IgM and is involved in complement evasion. The objective of this study was to investigate IdeSsuis cleavage of the IgM B cell receptor and subsequent changes in B cell receptor mediated signaling. Flow cytometry analysis revealed cleavage of the IgM B cell receptor by recombinant (r) IdeSsuis_homologue as well as IdeSsuis derived from culture supernatants of S. suis serotype 2 on porcine PBMCs and mandibular lymph node cells. Point-mutated rIdeSsuis_homologue_C195S did not cleave the IgM B cell receptor. After receptor cleavage by rIdeSsuis_homologue, it took at least 20 h for mandibular lymph node cells to restore the IgM B cell receptor to levels comparable to cells previously treated with rIdeSsuis_homologue_C195S. B cell receptor mediated signaling after specific stimulation via the F(ab’)2 portion was significantly inhibited by rIdeSsuis_homologue receptor cleavage in IgM+ B cells, but not in IgG+ B cells. Within IgM+ cells, CD21+ B2 cells and CD21- B1-like cells were equally impaired in their signaling capacity upon rIdeSsuis_homologue B cell receptor cleavage. In comparison, intracellular B cell receptor independent stimulation with tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate increased signaling in all investigated B cell types. In conclusion, this study demonstrates IdeSsuis cleavage efficacy on the IgM B cell receptor and its consequences for B cell signaling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical examples are Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, smallpox virus or Brucella , but also parasites like Trypanosoma ssp. or Plasmodium falciparum ( 52 , 55 – 57 ). The modulation of B cells by interfering with BCR signaling seems to be a less common strategy of pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Breitfelder

Schrödl²,

Rungelrath³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Their signaling in B-cells is related to the stage of activation and the tissue situation of the B-cells ( 101 ). It has also been reported that certain receptors of the purinoceptor family, such as P2X7 and P2Y11, are expressed on B-cells ( 102 , 103 ).…”

Section: Can Antimicrobial Peptides Affect the Function Of B-cells In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?

Lobognon¹,

Alard²

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory conditions characterized by bone loss in response to simultaneous bacterial aggression and host defenses. The etiology of such diseases is still not completely understood, however. It has been shown that specific pathogens involved in the build-up of dysbiotic biofilms participate actively in the establishment of periodontitis. This multifactorial pathology also depends on environmental factors and host characteristics, especially defenses. The immune response to the pathogens seems to be critical in preventing the disease from starting but also contributes to tissue damage. It is known that small molecules known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key actors in the innate immune response. They not only target microbes, but also act as immuno-modulators. They can help to recruit or activate cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, or lymphocytes. AMPs have already been described in the periodontium, and their expression seems to be connected to disease activity. Alpha and beta defensins and LL37 are the AMPs most frequently linked to periodontitis. Additionally, leukocyte infiltrates, especially B-cells, have also been linked to the severity of periodontitis. Indeed, the particular subpopulations of B-cells in these infiltrates have been linked to inflammation and bone resorption. A link between B-cells and AMP could be relevant to understanding B-cells’ action. Some AMP receptors, such as chemokines receptors, toll-like receptors, or purinergic receptors, have been shown to be expressed by B-cells. Consequently, the action of AMPs on B—cell subpopulations could participate to B-cell recruitment, their differentiation, and their implication in both periodontal defense and destruction.

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The immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) leads to long-lasting inhibition of the activation of porcine IgM-secreting B cells

Breitfelder,

Schrödl,

Baums

et al. 2024

Vet Res

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Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is one of the most important porcine pathogens, causing severe pathologies such as meningitis or polyarthritis. It is also a very successful colonizer of mucosal surfaces. The IgM-degrading enzyme of S. suis (IdeSsuis) specifically cleaves porcine IgM, which results in complement evasion. On the basis of our previous finding that IdeSsuis also cleaves the IgM B cell receptor in vitro, we verified IgM B cell receptor cleavage ex vivo in whole regional lymph nodes and investigated the working hypothesis that this IgM B cell receptor cleavage results in a long-lasting impaired B cell function. The number of IgM-secreting cells was determined via ELISpot analysis after porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells had initially been treated with different recombinant S. suis proteins and subsequently stimulated with interleukin-2 and the toll-like receptor 7/8 ligand R848. Compared with treatment with medium or recombinant muramidase-released protein, treatment with rIdeSsuis but also with a cleavage-deficient variant led to a reduction in the number of IgM-secreting cells as well as the level of secreted IgM. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the IgM B cell receptor was cleaved only by rIdeSsuis, and the receptor recovered to pretreatment levels on day 2 after treatment. Flow cytometry analysis of B and T cells incubated with fluorescein-labelled recombinant proteins revealed that different rIdeSsuis variants bind specifically to B cells, most prominently the cleavage-deficient variant. Our results indicate that in vitro interference of rIdeSsuis with the IgM B cell receptor results in long-lasting impaired IgM secretion by B cells after toll-like receptor activation. Further studies are warranted to prove that the modulation of B cell function by IdeSsuis could play a role in vivo.

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B Lymphocyte as a Target of Bacterial Infections

Cited by 3 publications

References 184 publications

Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) impairs porcine B cell signaling

Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?

The immunoglobulin M-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus suis (IdeSsuis) leads to long-lasting inhibition of the activation of porcine IgM-secreting B cells

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