Ionic Reactions Occurring During Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Alkylation. II. Alkylation of Isobutane with C¹⁴-Labeled Butenes

Hydroisomerization/MTBE system combined with alkylation to improve octane

“…(2) Exceptionally high quality alkylate can be produced using H2S04 catalyst, normal butene olefin feeds (isobutene and butadiene free), reasonable reaction temperatures, and low isobutane to olefin feed ratios in a pilot (3) The total C8's produced in these pilot H2S04 studies were similar to pilot data reported for HF (Hutson and Logan, 1975; Hutson and Hayes, 1977). However, pilot study normal butene H2S04 alkylates have a higher ratio of trimethylpentanes to dimethylhexanes than pilot study normal butene HF alkylates, even though the HF alkylates were produced at high isobutane to olefin feed ratios (Table VII).…”

Oligomerization of 1-Butene in Sulfuric Acid. Mechanisms and Rates

“…Fragments smaller than CS could be formed from the cracking of a Clz cation, as Hofmann and Schreisheim (1962) postulated for the alkylation reaction. The high boilers result from subsequent reactions of the cracked products and oligomerization to the (212 trimer.…”

Kinetic Model of Olefins/Isobutane Alkylation Using Sulfuric Acid as Catalyst

“…At the same time, the C 8 carbon ion may also undergo an addition reaction with olefins to form the C 12 carbon cation, which is then cracked to form the lighter carbon cation and the corresponding lighter olefin. 27 This can be used to explain part of the light hydrocarbon formation, but based on the analysis of the products, this is far from sufficient.…”