B chromosomes in angiosperm—a review

Datta, Animesh; Mandal, Ankita; Das, Debadrito; Gupta, S. Dutta; Saha, Arijit; Paul, Rudrajit; SenGupta, Sioban

doi:10.3103/s0095452716010035

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Despite the substantial increase of B chromosome literature reviews [6,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42] discussing their complex genetics, a deeply understandable concept of their origin is still missing. Although most of these review papers and the latest omics-based research has proposed several models to explain the origin of Bs, these models lack a clear and advanced understanding of the molecular mechanism involved during the formation of Bs.…”

Section: Genome Composition Origin and Evolution Of Bsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern View of B Chromosomes Under the Impact of High Scale Omics Analyses

Ahmad

Martins

2019

Cells

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Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are extra karyotype units in addition to A chromosomes, and are found in some fungi and thousands of animals and plant species. Bs are uniquely characterized due to their non-Mendelian inheritance, and represent one of the best examples of genomic conflict. Over the last decades, their genetic composition, function and evolution have remained an unresolved query, although a few successful attempts have been made to address these phenomena. A classical concept based on cytogenetics and genetics is that Bs are selfish and abundant with DNA repeats and transposons, and in most cases, they do not carry any function. However, recently, the modern quantum development of high scale multi-omics techniques has shifted B research towards a new-born field that we call “B-omics”. We review the recent literature and add novel perspectives to the B research, discussing the role of new technologies to understand the mechanistic perspectives of the molecular evolution and function of Bs. The modern view states that B chromosomes are enriched with genes for many significant biological functions, including but not limited to the interesting set of genes related to cell cycle and chromosome structure. Furthermore, the presence of B chromosomes could favor genomic rearrangements and influence the nuclear environment affecting the function of other chromatin regions. We hypothesize that B chromosomes might play a key function in driving their transmission and maintenance inside the cell, as well as offer an extra genomic compartment for evolution.

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Section: Genome Composition Origin and Evolution Of Bsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modern View of B Chromosomes Under the Impact of High Scale Omics Analyses

Ahmad

Martins

2019

Cells

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“…B chromosomes are widely distributed among eukaryotes [ 13 ], however, due to difficulty in preparing good cytological preparations in some taxa, possibly many species possessing Bs remain unknown at present. It has been estimated that Bs occur in 15% of eukaryotic species [ 2 ] and most of these are plants [ 14 ].…”

Section: Distribution Of B Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of Bs among major groups of angiosperm lineages and among lineages within families is nonrandom [ 13 ], but widespread. While B chromosomes are present in only 3% of eudicots, 8% of studied monocots among angiosperms possess B chromosomes [ 17 ], with considerable heterogeneity between different groups in frequency at the orders, families, and generic level.…”

Section: Distribution Of B Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While B chromosomes are present in only 3% of eudicots, 8% of studied monocots among angiosperms possess B chromosomes [ 17 ], with considerable heterogeneity between different groups in frequency at the orders, families, and generic level. There are also hot spots of occurrence in Liliales and Commelinales [ 13 ]. Within the monocots, there are apparent differences between different families in B frequency.…”

Section: Distribution Of B Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, only one-third of the investigated species display constancy of Bs in different tissues of the plant [ 23 ]. Absence of Bs from roots has been observed in Erianthus munja and Erianthus ravennae [ 13 ]. In few species the instability of the Bs is partial and strictly defined, e.g., in Sorghum stipoideum , mosaicism of B chromosomes has been reported in tapetal cells and microsporocytes, while they were totally eliminated from the leaves and stem [ 13 ].…”

Section: Distribution Of B Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin, Behaviour, and Transmission of B Chromosome with Special Reference to Plantago lagopus

Dhar

Kour

Kaul

2019

Genes

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B chromosomes have been reported in many eukaryotic organisms. These chromosomes occur in addition to the standard complement of a species. Bs do not pair with any of the A chromosomes and they have generally been considered to be non-essential and genetically inert. However, due to tremendous advancements in the technologies, the molecular composition of B chromosomes has been determined. The sequencing data has revealed that B chromosomes have originated from A chromosomes and they are rich in repetitive elements. In our laboratory, a novel B chromosome was discovered in Plantago lagopus. Using molecular cytogenetic techniques, the B chromosome was found to be composed of ribosomal DNA sequences. However, further characterization of the chromosome using next generation sequencing (NGS) etc. revealed that the B chromosome is a mosaic of sequences derived from A chromosomes, 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 45S rDNA, and various types of repetitive elements. The transmission of B chromosome through the female sex track did not follow the Mendelian principles. The chromosome was found to have drive due to which it was perpetuating in populations. The present paper attempts to summarize the information on nature, transmission, and origin of B chromosomes, particularly the current status of our knowledge in P. lagopus.

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Meiotic segregation and post-meiotic drive of the Festuca pratensis B chromosome

Ebrahimzadegan,

Fuchs,

Chen

et al. 2023

Chromosome Res

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In many species, the transmission of B chromosomes (Bs) does not follow the Mendelian laws of equal segregation and independent assortment. This deviation results in transmission rates of Bs higher than 0.5, a process known as “chromosome drive”. Here, we studied the behavior of the 103 Mbp-large B chromosome of Festuca pratensis during all meiotic and mitotic stages of microsporogenesis. Mostly, the B chromosome of F. pratensis segregates during meiosis like standard A chromosomes (As). In some cases, the B passes through meiosis in a non-Mendelian segregation leading to their accumulation already in meiosis. However, a true drive of the B happens during the first pollen mitosis, by which the B preferentially migrates to the generative nucleus. During second pollen mitosis, B divides equally between the two sperms. Despite some differences in the frequency of drive between individuals with different numbers of Bs, at least 82% of drive was observed. Flow cytometry-based quantification of B-containing sperm nuclei agrees with the FISH data.

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B chromosomes in angiosperm—a review

Cited by 12 publications

References 125 publications

The Modern View of B Chromosomes Under the Impact of High Scale Omics Analyses

The Modern View of B Chromosomes Under the Impact of High Scale Omics Analyses

Origin, Behaviour, and Transmission of B Chromosome with Special Reference to Plantago lagopus

Meiotic segregation and post-meiotic drive of the Festuca pratensis B chromosome

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