B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the nictitating membrane as the first presenting sign in a 2‐year‐old Springer Spaniel

Holm, Frederik; Hardon, Tommy; Clasen‐Linde, Erik; Mikkelsen, Lauge Hjorth; Heegaard, Steffen

doi:10.1002/ccr3.1862

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The clinical signs of protrusion of the nictitating membrane with rm or irregular masses of different shades of pink, expanding the nictitating membrane most often in the nonpigmented areas, epiphora and/ or conjunctival hyperemia are as described in former studies on nictitating membrane neoplasia [2,6,[9][10][11][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The blood blister-like appearance is quite typical for hemangiosarcomas [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Tumours of the membrana nictitans are quite rare in dogs [1,2], the most common being adenomas or adenocarcinomas [2][3][4][5]. Other tumours recorded are squamous cell carcinomas [5,6] and papillomas [3,7]; malignant melanomas and melanocytomas [3,8]; hemangiosarcomas [9,10], hemangiomas [3,10,11] and angiokeratomas [12,13]; leiomyoma [14]; mast cell tumours [15]; lymphomas [16,17]; plasmacytomas [18] [G. C. Shaw, personal communication, COPLOW, 2019], myoepitheliomas [19,20], basal cell carcinomas [20][21][22] and complex carcinomas [20]; a transmissible venereal tumour [23]; a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour [24]; and a histiocytoma [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in diagnosing canine spindle cell tumours using immunohistochemistry, illustrated by three nonpigmented malignant cases from the nictitating membrane.

Kjellingbro,

Freixa,

Mikkelsen

et al. 2023

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Background Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the membrana nictitans are rare in dogs. In twenty-three years only three cases have been diagnosed in Scandinavia. This study describes the three cases of malignant tumours of the membrana nictitans recorded by the Eye Pathology Section, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, with reference to the clinical appearance and work-up, the treatment and prognosis, the histopathological description including immunohistochemistry. The three cases are compared to previous publications on canine tumours of the nictitating membrane. Immunohistochemistry has been performed for many years in human pathology and in veterinary medicine. The need of protocols that are adapted to dogs is emphasised. Results The dogs presented were an 8-year-old Dachshund, a 12-year-old Akita and a 14-year-old Shetland Sheepdog. All three dogs were entire females. All three nictitating membrane tumours developed on the right side as firm or multilobulated hyperemic masses. Two of the tumours were macroscopically nonpigmented, the third being partly pigmented and ulcerated. According to the histopathology and for two of the cases immunohistochemistry with dog-adapted protocols the diagnoses included one hemangiosarcoma and two amelanotic malignant melanomas. Tumour regrowth developed in all three cases and repeated resections were completed 1, 2 and 3 times, respectively, with recurrence experienced within 1.5 months − 3 years. Conclusions Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the canine membrana nictitans are rare. Treatment of choice should be complete excision with a free margin and in case of a recurrence a full resection of the nictitating membrane. We strongly recommend a dog-adapted protocol for immunohistochemistry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in diagnosing canine spindle cell tumours using immunohistochemistry, illustrated by three nonpigmented malignant cases from the nictitating membrane.

Kjellingbro,

Freixa,

Mikkelsen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Tumours of the membrana nictitans are quite rare in dogs [1,2], the most common being adenomas or adenocarcinomas arising in the membrana nictitans gland [2][3][4][5]. Other tumours recorded are squamous cell carcinomas [5,6] and papillomas [3,7]; melanomas and melanocytomas [3,8]; hemangiosarcomas [9,10], hemangiomas [3,10,11] and angiokeratomas [12,13]; leiomyoma [14]; mast cell tumours [15]; lymphomas [16,17]; plasmacytomas [18] [G. C. Shaw, personal communication, COPLOW, 2019], myoepitheliomas [19,20], basal cell carcinomas [20][21][22] and complex carcinomas [20]; a transmissible venereal tumour [23]; a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour [24]; and a histiocytoma [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in diagnosing canine spindle cell tumours using immunohistochemistry, illustrated by three nonpigmented malignant cases from the nictitating membrane

Bundgaard Kjellingbro,

Naranjo Freixa,

Hjorth Mikkelsen

et al. 2024

Acta Vet Scand

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Background Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the membrana nictitans are rare in dogs. In twenty-three years only three cases have been diagnosed in Scandinavia. This study describes the three cases of malignant tumours of the membrana nictitans recorded by the Eye Pathology Section, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, with reference to the clinical appearance and work-up, the treatment and prognosis, and the histopathological description including immunohistochemistry. The three cases are compared to previous publications on canine tumours of the nictitating membrane. We emphasize the importance of using protocols that are adapted to the specific species such as dogs. Opposite the human tissue responses, we even need more than one marker when diagnosing melanomas in dogs. Results The dogs presented were an 8-year-old Dachshund, a 12-year-old Akita and a 14-year-old Shetland Sheepdog. All three dogs were entire females. All three nictitating membrane tumours developed on the right nictitating membrane as firm or multilobulated hyperaemic masses. Two of the tumours were macroscopically nonpigmented, the third being partly pigmented on the surface and ulcerated. According to the histopathology and for two of the cases immunohistochemistry with dog-adapted protocols the diagnoses included one hemangiosarcoma and two amelanotic melanomas. Tumour regrowth developed in all three cases and repeated resections were completed 1, 2 and 3 times, respectively, with recurrence experienced within 1.5 months − 3 years. Conclusions Nonpigmented malignant spindle cell tumours of the canine membrana nictitans are rare. Treatment of choice should be complete excision with a minimal histologic tumour-free distance and in case of a recurrence a full resection of the nictitating membrane. We strongly recommend a dog-adapted protocol for immunohistochemistry.

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“…In humans, multiple immunohistochemical markers are used to separate lymphoma subtypes; however, many of these markers do not function when applied to canine tissue because most standard antibodies are developed for use in human pathology. In general, tumour cells of T-cell origin demonstrate positivity for cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD4, and CD8, while tumour cells of B-cell origin are positive when staining for CD19, CD20, CD79α, and PAX-5 [ 4 ]. In our experience, the most reliable immunohistochemical stainings for determining the lineage in dog lymphomas are PAX-5 and CD3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periocular and intraocular lymphomas are rare in dogs [ 4 – 15 ]. Previously, a T-cell lymphoma in the palpebral conjunctiva of a dog has been reported [ 9 ], and to the best of our knowledge, this present case is the first case of a canine solitary cutaneous eyelid T-cell lymphoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T cell-lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter

et al. 2018

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BackgroundEyelid tumours are frequently found in dogs, most of these being benign. In case of an ulcerating eyelid tumour, malignancy must be considered. We report a unique case of a low-grade peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter.Case presentationA 9-year-old Setter presented with a 6-month history of an eyelid ulcer. A malignant eyelid neoplasm was suspected, and the lesion was surgically excised. No other treatment was applied, and 19 months after excision the dog was still well. Histopathology revealed a diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate in the eyelid skin. Ulceration of the epithelium was seen, and the underlying tumour was composed of round and poorly demarcated pleomorphic tumour cells. The cytoplasm was pale and the nuclei heterogeneous. Numerous mitoses were present. The tumour cells stained strongly for CD3. The final diagnosis was a peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS).ConclusionsThis is the first described case of a solitary T-cell lymphoma NOS in the haired eyelid skin in a dog. Lymphoma should be considered in case of a persistent eyelid ulcer and a biopsy should be performed. T-cell lymphoma is generally an aggressive disease; however, indolent cases are well known, and as this case shows, complete excision of a solitary T-cell lymphoma can be curable. Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma is an important differential diagnosis, which must be recognized as the prognosis is very poor and systemic treatment is mandatory. The sub-classification of canine lymphoma is not complete, and further studies are needed to identify lymphoma subgroups and provide treatment guidelines.

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B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the nictitating membrane as the first presenting sign in a 2‐year‐old Springer Spaniel

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Challenges in diagnosing canine spindle cell tumours using immunohistochemistry, illustrated by three nonpigmented malignant cases from the nictitating membrane.

Challenges in diagnosing canine spindle cell tumours using immunohistochemistry, illustrated by three nonpigmented malignant cases from the nictitating membrane.

Challenges in diagnosing canine spindle cell tumours using immunohistochemistry, illustrated by three nonpigmented malignant cases from the nictitating membrane

T cell-lymphoma in the eyelid of a 9-year-old English Setter

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