B and E MADS‐box genes determine the perianth formation in <i>Cymbidium goeringii</i> Rchb.f

Lin, Xinghua; Chen, Yue; Chen, Liping; Fu, Xiaopeng; Zhao, Kaige; Zhang, Jie; Sun, Chongbo

doi:10.1111/ppl.12647

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, we isolated two SEP -like genes ( HrSEP-1 and HrSEP-2 ) from wild type H. radiata and analyzed their expression patterns. These genes were expressed in all floral organs of the wild type, matching the expression patterns of other orchid SEP genes from Cymbidium, Oncidium , and Phalaenopsis ( Chang et al, 2009 ; Pan et al, 2014 ; Xiang et al, 2017 ). By contrast, HrSEP-1 transcript was not detected in ‘Ryokusei’, although HrSEP-2 was expressed in all floral organs ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Orchid B-, C/D-, and E-class MADS-box genes have been characterized, and gene duplications in each group have been analyzed ( Tsai and Chen, 2006 ; Aceto and Gaudio, 2011 ; Mondragón-Palomino, 2013 ). To date, several SEP -like genes have been identified from a few orchid species, including AdOM1 in Aranda ( Lu et al, 1993 ), DOMADS1 and DOMADS3 in Dendrobium grex Madame Thong-In ( Yu and Goh, 2000 ), DcOSEP-1 in Dendrobium crumenatum ( Xu et al, 2006 ), OMADS6 and OMADS11 in Oncidium Gower Ramsey ( Chang et al, 2009 ), PeSEP1-4 in Phalaenopsis equestris ( Pan et al, 2014 ) and CgSEP1-4 in Cymbidium goeringii Rchb.f ( Xiang et al, 2017 ). Expression analysis of orchid SEP -like genes showed that SEP3 orthologs ( DOMADS1, DcOSEP1, PeSEP1, PeSEP3 , and OMADS6 ) are expressed in sepals, petals, lips, and columns during flower development, whereas CgSEP1, CgSEP3 , and AdOM1 are rarely expressed in columns ( Lu et al, 1993 ; Xiang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Greenish Flower Phenotype of Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae) Is Caused by a Mutation in the SEPALLATA-Like MADS-Box Gene HrSEP-1

Mitoma

Kanno

2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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In Arabidopsis thaliana, the E-class SEPALLATA (SEP) genes are generally expressed across all floral whorls. These genes play fundamental roles in floral organ fate determination during development by interacting with other MADS-box gene products, such as those from A-, B-, and C-class genes. However, the function of SEP genes in orchid remains obscure. Here, we analyzed a mutant orchid cultivar with greenish flowers in Habenaria radiata and found that this phenotype is caused by the absence of SEP function. Wild type H. radiata flowers contain a column and two perianth whorls consisting of three greenish sepals, two white petals, and a lip (labellum). By contrast, the flowers of H. radiata cultivar ‘Ryokusei’ appear greenish, with three normal sepals in whorl 1, two greenish petals and a lip in whorl 2, and several sepaloid organs and a ventral column in whorls 3 and 4. We isolated two SEP-like genes (HrSEP-1 and HrSEP-2) and two AGAMOUS-like genes (HrAG-1 and HrAG-2) from wild type H. radiata and compared their expression in the wild type vs. the mutant cultivar. HrAG-1 and HrAG-2 were expressed in the column in the wild type, whereas these genes were expressed in the ventral column and in sepaloid organs that had been converted from a column in ‘Ryokusei.’ HrSEP-1 and HrSEP-2 were expressed in all floral organs in the wild type. However, in the mutant cultivar, HrSEP-2 was expressed in all floral organs, while HrSEP-1 expression was not detected. Thus, we analyzed the genomic structures of HrSEP-1 in the wild type and ‘Ryokusei’ and identified a retrotransposon-like element in its first exon in ‘Ryokusei.’ Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that HrSEP-1 interacts with HrDEF, HrAG-1, and HrAG-2. These results indicate that the mutant phenotype of ‘Ryokusei’ flowers is caused by the loss of function of HrSEP-1. Therefore, this gene plays an important role in column, lip, and petal development in H. radiata flowers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Greenish Flower Phenotype of Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae) Is Caused by a Mutation in the SEPALLATA-Like MADS-Box Gene HrSEP-1

Mitoma

Kanno

2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In addition, the function of AGL6 orthologs from orchids can be inferred from their expressions. For examples, CgAGL6-1 from C. goeringii has been found to be strongly expressed in the sepals and petals and has been seen to be involved in promoting sepal/petal formation, while CgAGL6-3 from C. goeringii has been found to be highly expressed in the lips and to be involved in lip development [14]. This also provides a clue to understanding the subfunctionalization of AGL6 orthologs following gene duplication events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, EpMADS4 from E. pusilla has been seen to be lowly expressed in the median sepal which has resulted in petaloid sepal appearance, while EpMADS5 from E. pusilla has been observed to be highly expressed in the lips and to be involved in lip development [13]. In addition, CgAGL6-1 from C. goeringii has been found to be strongly expressed in the sepals and petals and to be involved in promoting sepal/petal formation, while CgAGL6-3 from C. goeringii has been seen to be highly expressed in the lips and to be involved in lip development [14]. In asterid eudicots, AGL6 orthologs, such as SlAGL6 from Solanum lycopersicon and PhAGL6 from Petunia hybrida, have been found to be expressed in all floral organs [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In monocots, the AGL6 ortholog, OsMADS6 from Oryza sativa, has been seen to be strongly expressed in paleas (sepal homologs), lodicules (petal homologs), carpels and receptacle, and regulated flower development of four whorls in rice [11,12]. Moreover, three AGL6-like genes have been found in orchids, including Erycina pusilla and Cymbidium goeringii, and has suggested subfunctionalization of the orchid AGL6 orthologs following gene duplication events [13,14]. For example, EpMADS4 from E. pusilla has been seen to be lowly expressed in the median sepal which has resulted in petaloid sepal appearance, while EpMADS5 from E. pusilla has been observed to be highly expressed in the lips and to be involved in lip development [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Two AGL6–Like Genes from a Chinese Endemic Woody Tree, Manglietia patungensis (Magnoliaceae) Provides Insight into Perianth Development and Evolution in Basal Angiosperms

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Forests

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Manglietia patungensis (Magnoliaceae) exhibits radially symmetric flowers with perianth consisting of three separate sepaloid tepals in whorl 1 and six petaloid tepals in the inner two whorls, which shows an obvious difference from flowers of most Magnoliaceae species that contain three uniform petaloid tepals whorls, and make it an excellent model for understanding perianth morphology differentiation during early flower evolution. Here, two AGL6 orthologs, MapaAGL6-1 and MapaAGL6-2, were isolated from M. patungensis. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses grouped both genes into the AGL6 lineage. MapaAGL6-1 is expressed only in the perianth whorls, while MapaAGL6-2 is strongly expressed in the perianth whorls but is lowly expressed in gynoecium. Furthermore, ectopic expression of MapaAGL6-1 results in strong complementation phenotypes in the Arabidopsis ap1-10 flower and production of normal floral organs in four floral whorls only with the petal number reduced in whorl 2, while ectopic expression of MapaAGL6-2 only results in petals partly rescued but failing to terminate carpelloid development in Arabidopsis ap1-10 mutant. In addition, the daughter lines generated from a cross between 35S::MapaAGL6-1 transgenic plants showing strong phenotypes and 35S::MapaAGL6-2 transgenic plants showing phenotypic changes produce normal flowers. Our results suggest that MapaAGL6-1 is a reasonable A-function gene controlling perianth identity in Magnoliaceae, which infers from its expression region and complementation phenotypes in Arabidopsis ap1 mutant, while MapaAGL6-2 is mainly involved in petaloid tepal development. Our data also provide a new clue to uncover the perianth development and early evolution in basal angiosperms.

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The Roles of MADS-Box Genes During Orchid Floral Development

et al. 2021

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B and E MADS‐box genes determine the perianth formation in Cymbidium goeringii Rchb.f

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

The Greenish Flower Phenotype of Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae) Is Caused by a Mutation in the SEPALLATA-Like MADS-Box Gene HrSEP-1

The Greenish Flower Phenotype of Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae) Is Caused by a Mutation in the SEPALLATA-Like MADS-Box Gene HrSEP-1

Characterization of Two AGL6–Like Genes from a Chinese Endemic Woody Tree, Manglietia patungensis (Magnoliaceae) Provides Insight into Perianth Development and Evolution in Basal Angiosperms

The Roles of MADS-Box Genes During Orchid Floral Development

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