American College of Radiology White Paper on MR Safety: 2004 Update and Revisions

MRI: an update and review on bio-effects and safety considerations

“…Because scan times an these older machines may be long (occasionally up to 40 minutes for the entire procedure), people with even mild claustrophobia are sometimes unable to tolerate an MRI scan without management.36 This may be further precipitated by the restricted space inside the MR bore , anxiety about the scan and the possible outcome, noise and the duration of the examination. [37][38][39] The good news is that modern scanners have short bores-(70mm for example) and scan times are very much quicker. This means that claustrophobia is less of an issue, and many patients now find MRI an innocuous and easily tolerated procedure.…”

Clinical applications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

“…Pregnant women can undergo testing if the benefits of the procedure outweigh any theoretical risks to the embryo. 52,53 The presence of a pacemaker or an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator contraindicates routine MRI. 53 Exceptions for patients not dependent on the pacemaker should be considered on an individual basis.…”

“…52,53 The presence of a pacemaker or an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator contraindicates routine MRI. 53 Exceptions for patients not dependent on the pacemaker should be considered on an individual basis. The patient has to be closely monitored by appropriately trained personnel during the examination, and the pacemaker has to be tested to confirm proper function after the study.…”

“…The patient has to be closely monitored by appropriately trained personnel during the examination, and the pacemaker has to be tested to confirm proper function after the study. 53 The super- Four-chamber and short-axis T1-weighted ("dark-blood") breath-holding views, respectively, of constrictive pericarditis after coronary bypass surgery, showing thickened pericardium (7 mm) (arrowheads), enlargement of both atria and a tubular right ventricle (RV). Asterisk indicates sternal wire artifacts.…”

Fibrose miocárdica em pacientes com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica com alto risco para morte súbita cardíaca

“…In this manner, although the delayed enhancement magnetic resonance technique has showed to be an important tool for the assessment of MF in HCM 20,25 , it presents some limitations, like in the assessment of patients who carry pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), because in such cases there are formal contraindications regarding the employment of magnetic resonance 26 .…”