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Impact of Fabric Construction on Adsorption and Spreading of Liquid Contaminations

“…Contaminations are various pigments, oils, fats, or dye contaminations, which are undesirable on the textile material and require proper removal [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. From a detergency standpoint, contaminations can be categorized as water-soluble substances (e.g., inorganic salts, sugar, urine, and sweat); pigments (e.g., metal oxides, carbonates, silicates, hummus, and soot); oils and fats (e.g., fats of animal origin, fats and oils of vegetable origin, sebum, mineral oils, fats and waxes); proteins (e.g., blood, milk, eggs, and keratin from the skin); carbohydrates (starch); bleachable dyes (e.g., from fruits and vegetables, wine, coffee, and tea).…”

“…At the micro-level, the mechanical of adhesion of contamination onto textile material depends on the strength of interaction forces between the fibre and the contamination, where the polarity of fibres also affects the adhesion potential. In aqueous solutions, the fibre is characterized by zeta potential, an important parameter for the propensity to contaminate [ 1 , 16 ].…”

“…Spectral evaluation determines the effect of contamination removal (S) or discoloration (degree of lightening) after a certain number of wash or dry-cleaning cycles [ 1 ].…”

Simulation-based setting suggestions for yarn winding units to reduce color variation in knitted fabric

“…The advantages of yarn dyeing compared with sliver dyeing are an increased dyeing rate and greater machine flexibility with regard to market requirements and throughput volume. 1 Results are affected by the production parameters of the package winding as well as the dyeing process. Production parameters of the fabric can also affect the properties of the final product.…”