Although paraquat is a widely used herbicide, it is toxic
to humans
if ingested or absorbed through an open wound. To improve the safety
of paraquat, a new formulation of paraquat based on photoresponsive
polymers was exploited. Photoresponsive β-cyclodextrin polymer
microspheres (AZO-CD) were synthesized via a host–guest interaction
between β-cyclodextrin and azobenzene. AZO-CD were characterized
by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, circular dichroism, ultraviolet
(UV) spectrophotometry, and thermogravimetric analysis, and their
photoresponsiveness was also evaluated. AZO-CD were used to load paraquat,
which yielded photoresponsive paraquat-loaded microspheres. For the
paraquat-loaded microspheres, irradiation with UV light or sunlight
induced the isomerization of azobenzene into the cis form. Then, the
cis-azobenzene was liberated from the cavities of the β-cyclodextrin.
The paraquat-loaded microspheres released paraquat continuously over
time. Furthermore, under UV light, the herbicidal capacity of the
paraquat-loaded microspheres against barnyard grass was comparable
to that of free paraquat at the same dose. Our findings show that
loading paraquat into AZO-CD provides a safe and environmentally friendly
herbicide formulation.