Azine Derivatives of Titanium(IV) and Zirconium(IV)

Sharma, Ramavtar; Tandon, J. P.

doi:10.1002/prac.19803220121

“…1 It was first synthesized in 1899 and has been industrially produced since. [2][3][4][5] This pigment is used, e.g., for the mass coloration of viscose, for printing inks and for artists' colors. Although it has been known and used for such a long time, no attention has been paid to the question why P.Y.101 fluoresces while most other organic pigments do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid state fluorescence of Pigment Yellow 101 and derivatives: a conserved property of the individual molecules

Plötner

¹

,

Dreuw

²

2006

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The optical properties of the bisazomethine pigments Pigment Yellow 101 (P.Y.101) and three derivatives are investigated employing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). P.Y.101 and one of its derivatives exhibit unusual solid state fluorescence, although both possess OH groups and the latter pigment has particularly small intermolecular distances in its crystal, which are both properties that contradict common empirical rules for fluorescent pigments. Here it is shown that the OH groups are indeed essential for molecular fluorescence of the pigments due to the necessary formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the lone pairs of the bisazomethine nitrogens. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism of molecular fluorescence in the non-fluorescent derivatives is analyzed in detail and a CNN bending motion of the central bisazomethine substructure is identified to be the relevant reaction coordinate along which efficient fluorescence quenching occurs in the individual molecule as well as in the crystal. Electron transfer quenching, which usually is expected to be an important quenching mechanism in aggregated media (here the crystals), is ruled out for the studied bisazomethine pigments. The solid state fluorescence properties of the pigments can finally be understood as conserved molecular properties of the individual pigment molecules.

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Titanium Compounds, Organic

Putzig

¹

,

Pesco

²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

0

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Organic titanium compounds are materials having a covalent bond between titanium and another atom that is also bonded to a carbon‐based group. Titanium tetrachloride, the basic raw material from which organic titanate compounds are made, is readily converted to tetraisopropyl titanate, TYZOR TPT, by the Nelles process. This ester can be converted by alkoxy exchange (transesterification) to a wide variety of tetraalkyl titanates, which in turn react with other ligands and chelating agents to give complexes having properties significantly different from the starting materials. This article covers all aspects of the organic titanium compound, from properties, reactions, and synthesis, to uses and health and safety factors.

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Titanium Compounds, Organic

Putzig

¹

,

Moncarz

²

2005

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Organic titanium compounds are materials having a covalent bond between titanium and another atom that is also bonded to a carbon‐based group. Titanium tetrachloride, the basic raw material from which organic titanate compounds are made, is readily converted to tetraisopropyl titanate, TYZOR TPT, by the Nelles process. This ester can be converted by alkoxy exchange (transesterification) to a wide variety of tetraalkyl titanates, which in turn react with other ligands and chelating agents to give complexes having properties significantly different from the starting materials. This article covers all aspects of the organic titanium compound, from properties, reactions, and synthesis, to uses and health and safety factors.

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Azine Derivatives of Titanium(IV) and Zirconium(IV)

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Solid state fluorescence of Pigment Yellow 101 and derivatives: a conserved property of the individual molecules

Solid state fluorescence of Pigment Yellow 101 and derivatives: a conserved property of the individual molecules

Titanium Compounds, Organic

Titanium Compounds, Organic

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