Azimuthal Anisotropy in High-Energy Nuclear Collision: An Approach Based on Complex Network Analysis

Abstract

Recently, a complex network based method of visibility graph has been applied to confirm the scale-freeness and presence of fractal properties in the process of multiplicity fluctuation. Analysis of data obtained from experiments on hadron-nucleus and nucleusnucleus interactions results in values of Power of Scale-Freeness of Visibility Graph (PSVG) parameter extracted from the visibility graphs. Here, the relativistic nucleus-nucleus interaction data have been analysed to detect azimuthal anisotropy by extending the visibility graph method and extracting the average clustering coefficient, one of the important topological parameters, from the graph. Azimuthal-distributions corresponding to different pseudorapidity regions around the central pseudorapidity value are analysed utilising the parameter. Here we attempt to correlate the conventional physical significance of this coefficient with respect to complex network systems, with some basic notions of particle production phenomenology, like clustering and correlation. Earlier methods for detecting anisotropy in azimuthal distribution were mostly based on the analysis of statistical fluctuation. In this work, we have attempted to find deterministic information on the anisotropy in azimuthal distribution by means of precise determination of topological parameter from a complex network perspective.

Searching for Supersymmetry at LHC Using the Complex-Network-Based Method of the Three-Dimensional Visibility-Graph

“…We have already elaborated in the Section 2.1 that the Visibility Graph method gives reliable results for datasets with substantially small length, and even with a dataset of length 400 [73]. Moreover, we have also applied this method in the area of high energy interaction with a finite number of events e.g., [78,79,[81][82][83], etc. and have been able to obtain reliable results.…”

“…This method has also been implemented widely over time series with a finite number of data points and even with 400 data points [73], and has accomplished reliable result in different areas of science. Studies had been conducted in the area of the multiplicity fluctuation process in nucleus-nucleus and hadron-nucleus interactions, applying this Visibility Graph methodology in a few recent works [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Pb-Pb VSD masterclass data at 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair from ALICE Collaboration [84] was used for scaling analysis of the pseudorapidity space, using both the method of complex-network-based Visibility Graph and MF-DFA [48,49], to study the prospective phase transition and the signature of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in the work [82].…”

Different Degree of Complexity in Multiparticle Production at the LHC Energies With the Transition From Soft to Hard Processes: Hint of Possible Sources

“…Therefore, visibility graph analysis has a wide range of practical applications. For example, the visibility graph technique has been applied in searching for the hidden geometry of traffic jamming [5], in studying energy dissipation rates in three-dimensional fully developed turbulence [6], in analysing exchange rate series [7], in searching for fluctuation and geometrical structure of magnetization time series of two-dimensional Ising model around critical point [8], in investigating human heartbeat dynamics [9][10][11] and in searching for fluctuation in multiparticle production in high energy collisions [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. S. Bhaduri et al [22] used the visibility graph analysis method to look for the signature of phase transition in the Pb-Pb collision data sample at 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair taken from CERN open data portal.…”

Analysis of Prospective Super-Symmetry Inherent in the $pp$ Collision Data at $7$ TeV from CMS Collaboration Using Novel Two-Dimensional Multifractal-Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Method with Rectangular Scale

“…Lacasa et al developed the Visibility Graph methodology [64,65] which attained prominence because of its completely novel and accurate perspective to estimate the fractal behaviours. Studies had been conducted in the area of the multiplicity fluctuation process in nucleus-nucleus and hadron-nucleus interactions, applying this Visibility Graph methodology in few recent works [66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75]. Also, Pb-Pb VSD masterclass data at 2.76T eV per nucleon pair from ALICE Collaboration [76] was used for scaling analysis of the pseudorapidity space, using both the method of complex network based Visibility Graph and multifractal-DFA(MF-DFA) [51,52], to study the prospective phase transition and the signature of QGP in some latest works [77,74].…”