Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics

Adams, J. R.; Adler, C.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Anderson, M.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Badyal, S. K.; Balewski, J.; Barannikova, O.; Barnby, L. S.; Baudot, J.; Bekele, S.; Belaga, V. V.; Bellwied, R.; Berger, J.; Bezverkhny, B. I.; Bhardwaj, S.; Bhaskar, P.; Bhati, A. K.; Bichsel, H.; Billmeier, A.; Bland, L. C.; Blyth, C. O.; Bonner, B. E.; Botje, M.; Boucham, A.; Brandin, A. V.; Bravar, A.; Cadman, R. V.; Cai, X. Z.; Caines, H.; Sánchez, M. Calderón De La Barca; Carroll, J.; Castillo, J.; Castro, M.; Cebra, D.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, H. F.; Chen, Y.; Chernenko, S.; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Choi, Bong‐Hyuk; Christie, W.; Coffin, J. P.; Cormier, T. M.; Cramer, J. G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, Dipayan; Das, Sudipta; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dietel, T.; Dong, W. J.; Dong, X.; Draper, J. E.; Du, F.; Dubey, A. K.; Dunin, V. B.; Dunlop, J. C.; Majumdar, M. R. Dutta; Eckardt, V.; Efimov, L. G.; Емелянов, В.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Fachini, P.; Faine, V.; Faivre, J.; Fatemi, R.; Filimonov, K.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flierl, D.; Foley, K. J.; Fu, J.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Gagunashvili, N.; Gans, J.; Ganti, M. S.; Gaudichet, L.; Germain, M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Ghosh, P.; Gonzalez, J. E.; Grachov, O.; Grigoriev, V.; Gronstal, S.; Grosnick, D.; Guedon, M.; Guertin, S. M.; Gupta, A.; Gushin, E.; Gutierrez, T. D.; Hallman, T. J.; Hardtke, D.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Henry, T. W.; Heppelmann, S.; Herston, T.; Hippolyte, B.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horsley, M.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Ishihara, A.; Jacobs, P.; Jacobs, W. W.; Janik, M.; Jiang, H.; Johnson, I.; Jones, P.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kaneta, M.; Kaplan, M.; Keane, D.; Khodyrev, V. Yu; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, S. R.; Klyachko, A.; Koetke, D.; Kollegger, T.; Kopytine, M.; Kotchenda, L.; Kovalenko, A. D.; Krämer, M.; Кравцов, П.; Kravtsov, V. I.; Krueger, K.; Kuhn, C.; Куликов, А. И.; Kumar, Ajay; Kunde, G. J.; Kunz, C. L.; Kutuev, R.Kh.; Кузнецов, А. А.; Lamont, M. A.C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lange, S.; Lansdell, C. P.; Lasiuk, B.; Laue, F.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednický, R.; LeVine, M. J.; Li, C.; Li, Q.; Lindenbaum, S. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Liu, L.; Liu, Z.; Liu, Q. J.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Long, H.; Longacre, R. S.; Lopez-Noriega, M.; Love, W. A.; Ludlam, T.; Lynn, D.; Ma, Jin; G., Y.; Magestro, D.; Mahajan, S.; Mangotra, L. K.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Majka, R.; Manweiler, R.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Martin, L.; Marx, J. N.; Matis, H. S.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; McShane, T. S.; Meißner, F.; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A.; Messer, M.; Miller, Michael L.; Milosevich, Z.; Minaev, N. G.; Mironov, C.; Mishra, D.; Mitchell, J. T.; Mohanty, B.; Molnár, L.; Moore, C. F.; Mora-Corral, M. J.; Морозов, Д. А.; Morozov, V.; Moura, M. M. de; Munhoz, M. G.; Nandi, B. K.; Nayak, S. K.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Nevski, P.; Никитин, В. А.; Nogach, L. V.; Norman, B.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Okorokov, V.; Oldenburg, M.; Olson, D.; Paić, G.; Pandey, S.; Pal, S. K.; Panebratsev, Y.; Panitkin, S.; Pavlinov, A. I.; Pawlak, T.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Perkins, C.; Peryt, W.; Петров, В. А.; Phatak, S. C.; Picha, R.; Planinić, M.; Pluta, J.; Porile, N.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Potekhin, M.; Potrebenikova, E.; Potukuchi, B.; Prindle, D.; Pruneau, C.; Putschke, J.; Rai, G.; Rakness, G.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ravel, O.; Ray, R. L.; Razin, S. V.; Reichhold, D.; Reid, J. G.; Renault, G.; Retière, F.; Ridiger, A.; Ritter, H.G.; Roberts, J.; Rogachevski, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Rose, A.; Roy, C.; Ruan, L.; Sahoo, R.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Savin, I.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmitz, N.; Schroeder, L. S.; Schweda, K.; Seger, J.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Seyboth, P.; Shahaliev, E.; Shao, M.; Sharma, Meenakshi; Shestermanov, K. E.; Shimanskii, S. S.; Singaraju, R.; Simon, F.; Škoro, G.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, Raimond; Sood, G.; Sorensen, P.; Sowiński, J.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, S.; Stock, R.; Stolpovsky, A.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Struck, C.; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo; Sugarbaker, E.; Suire, C.; Šumbera, M.; Surrow, B.; Symons, T. J. M.; Toledo, A. Szanto de; Szarwas, P.; Tai, A.; Takahashi, J.; Tang, A. H.; Thein, D.; Thomas, J. H.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Tokarev, M.; Tonjes, M. B.; Trainor, T. A.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Trivedi, M. D.; Trofimov, V.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Buren, G. Van; VanderMolen, A. M.; Vasiliev, A.; Vasiliev, M. A.; Vigdor, S.E.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Voloshin, S. A.; Waggoner, W. T.; Wang, F.; Wang, G.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Z. M.; Ward, H.; Watson, J. W.; Wells, R.; Westfall, G. D.; Whitten, C.; Wieman, H.; Willson, R.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wood, J.; Wu, J.; Xu, N.; Xu, Z.; Xu, Zehua; Yamamoto, E.; Yepes, P.; Yurevich, V. I.; Zanevski, Y. V.; Zborovský, I.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, W. M.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zolnierczuk, Piotr; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, J.; Zubarev, A. N.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.062301

Cited by 200 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In earlier analyses, v 4 was determined with respect to the event plane from elliptic flow [49,50] Figure 4 shows the results for v 5 , which are very similar to the results for v 4 . Here, the nonlinear term ε 2 ε 3 becomes important even for central collisions.…”

Section: Quadrangular Flowsupporting

confidence: 65%

Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions

et al. 2012

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We investigate how the initial geometry of a heavy-ion collision is transformed into final flow observables by solving event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics with realistic fluctuating initial conditions. We study quantitatively to what extent anisotropic flow (v n ) is determined by the initial eccentricity ε n for a set of realistic simulations, and we discuss which definition of ε n gives the best estimator of v n . We find that the common practice of using an r 2 weight in the definition of ε n in general results in a poorer predictor of v n than when using r n weight, for n > 2. We similarly study the importance of additional properties of the initial state. For example, we show that in order to correctly predict v 4 and v 5 for noncentral collisions, one must take into account nonlinear terms proportional to ε 2 2 and ε 2 ε 3 , respectively. We find that it makes no difference whether one calculates the eccentricities over a range of rapidity or in a single slice at z = 0, nor is it important whether one uses an energy or entropy density weight. This knowledge will be important for making a more direct link between experimental observables and hydrodynamic initial conditions, the latter being poorly constrained at present.

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Section: Quadrangular Flowsupporting

confidence: 65%

Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions

et al. 2012

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“…In the three-particle correlation technique, the explicit determination of the event plane is not required; instead, the role of the event plane is played by the third particle that enters the correlator with double the azimuth [21,23,29]. Under the assumption that particle c is correlated with particles α and β only via common correlation to the reaction plane, we have…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4) to measurements of anisotropies in particle production with respect to the reaction plane is due to processes when particles α and β are products of a cluster (e.g., resonance, jet) decay and the cluster itself exhibits elliptic flow [21,23]. Detailed discussion of this and other effects which could mimic the effect of local strong P violation in experimental measurements is presented in Sec.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations and possible local strong parity violation in heavy-ion collisions

Abelev¹,

Aggarwal²,

Ahammed³

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. C

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318

196

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Parity (P)-odd domains, corresponding to nontrivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the orbital momentum of the system created in noncentral collisions. To study this effect, we investigate a three-particle mixed-harmonics azimuthal correlator which is a P-even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge-separation effect. We report measurements of this observable using the STAR detector in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at √ s NN = 200 and 62 GeV. The results are presented as a function of collision centrality, particle separation in rapidity, and particle transverse momentum. A signal consistent with several of the theoretical expectations is detected in all four data sets. We compare our results to the predictions of existing event generators and discuss in detail possible contributions from other effects that are not related to P violation.

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“…Finally, the models using hydrodynamic calculations [62] and jet energy loss ones [66] are observed to be in good agreement with the v 2 data at low and high p T , respectively. At RHIC [74,75] and LHC [7] it had been observed that the ratios of harmonics follow a power-law scaling, i.e. v Figure 6.…”

Section: Jhep07(2018)103mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy dependence and fluctuations of anisotropic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ and 2.76 TeV

Acharya

Acosta

Adamová

et al. 2018

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Measurements of anisotropic flow coefficients with two-and multi-particle cumulants for inclusive charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5.02 and 2.76 TeV are reported in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.8 and transverse momentum 0.2 < p T < 50 GeV/c. The full data sample collected by the ALICE detector in 2015 (2010), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.7 (2.0) µb −1 in the centrality range 0-80%, is analysed. Flow coefficients up to the sixth flow harmonic (v 6 ) are reported and a detailed comparison among results at the two energies is carried out. The p T dependence of anisotropic flow coefficients and its evolution with respect to centrality and harmonic number n are investigated. An approximate power-law scaling of the form v n (p T ) ∼ p n/3 T is observed for all flow harmonics at low p T (0.2 < p T < 3 GeV/c). At the same time, the ratios v n /v n/m m are observed to be essentially independent of p T for most centralities up to about p T = 10 GeV/c. Analysing the differences among higher-order cumulants of elliptic flow (v 2 ), which have different sensitivities to flow fluctuations, a measurement of the standardised skewness of the event-by-event v 2 distribution P (v 2 ) is reported and constraints on its higher moments are provided. The Elliptic Power distribution is used to parametrise P (v 2 ), extracting its parameters from fits to cumulants. The measurements are compared to different model predictions in order to discriminate among initial-state models and to constrain the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity to entropy-density ratio.

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Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics

Cited by 200 publications

References 29 publications

Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions

Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions

Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations and possible local strong parity violation in heavy-ion collisions

Energy dependence and fluctuations of anisotropic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ and 2.76 TeV

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