Azide‐Containing High Energy Materials

Abstract

The following sections will be subdivided into sections on alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl azides. There will be a focus especially on smaller molecules, or on those, which are larger but are synthesized for energetic purposes.

Accurate Prediction of Enthalpies of Formation of Organic Azides by Combining G4 Theory Calculations with an Isodesmic Reaction Scheme

“…The Δ f H 298 °values calculated in this study from isodesmic reactions and other types of balanced reactions are compared with available experimental data and results of previous calculations in Table 3. As mentioned above, the enthalpy of formation of HN 3 (1) accepted in this work, 292.5 ± 1.5 kJ/mol, is based on the ATcT reference value of the atomization energy. 22 As seen from Table 3, this value agrees well with the experimental value and results of high-level fc-CCSD(T)/cc-pCVQZ//ae-CCSD(T)/cc-pCVTZ 22 and W4 23 calculations, while the CCSD(T)/CBS value 25 is significantly larger (297 kJ/mol).…”

“…Organic azides are energy-rich molecules that are widely used as explosives, components of propellants, and pyrotechnics. , The azido group (−N 3 ) is one of the most energetic functional groups; the introduction of the azido group into an organic compound increases its energy content by approximately 300 kJ/mol . Organic azides are also considered as powerful precursors for nitrogen-rich compounds such as carbon nitride nanomaterials. ,, Important characteristics of explosives and propellants may be calculated from the enthalpy of formation (Δ f H 298 ° ), which is closely related to the stability of these compounds .…”

13C and 15N NMR spectra of high‐energy polyazidocyanopyridines

“…In the last two decades, much attention has been focused on the synthesis and investigation of polyazidoazines as ecologically friendly primary explosives and promising components of high‐energy organic materials . However, despite the high (>70%) nitrogen content in these compounds, only 2,4‐diazido‐1,2,5,6‐tetrazine, 2,4,6‐triazido‐1,3,5‐triazine, 4,6‐diazido‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐amine, 4,6‐diazido‐N‐nitro‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐amine, 2,4,6‐triazidopyrimidine and 2,4,6‐triazidopyridine were characterized by 15 N NMR spectroscopy.…”

Theoretical Investigation of 4,4′,6,6′‐Tetra(azido)azo‐1,3,5‐triazine‐N‐oxides and the Effects of N→O Bonding on Organic Azides

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Polyazido heteroaromatic compounds have relatively high heats of formation, as one azido group adds about 87 kcal mol À1 of endothermicity to a hydrocarbon compound; [16] thus, despite many difficulties, many fascinating organic azides have been prepared and structurally characterized over the last few decades (Scheme 1). [10,11,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In addition, the azo linkage is known to improve the properties of this kind of compounds; it not only increases the heat of formation of the compounds, but also desensitizes them. [5] 4,4',6,6'-tetraA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (azido)azo-1,3,5-triazine (TAAT) is a typical example of polyazido-azo-heterocyclic systems, which possesses high nitrogen content (79.5 %) and the largest heat of formation (2171 kJ mol À1 ) among all reported energetic ma-Abstract: A family of 4,4',6,6'-tetra-A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (azido)azo-1,3,5-triazine-N-oxides was designed and investigated by theoretical method.…”