Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry

Sakib, Raiyan; Caruso, Francesco; Belli, Stuart; Rossi, Miriam

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11113091

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Pharmacological applications of neem limonoids, including EAD, have been investigated in detail previously [32][33][34][35]. We have previously reported that EAD effectively manages the proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells but has no cytotoxic effect towards nonmalignant cells as shown on human lung fibroblasts WI-38.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of epoxyazadiradione (EAD) and paclitaxel against triple‐negative breast cancer cells

Sijisha,

Anusha,

Priya

2024

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and chemo‐resistant form of breast cancer subtype, and chemotherapy is a vital treatment option for that. Paclitaxel is an effective chemo drug for TNBC. However, in clinical settings, paclitaxel has adverse side effects. The synergistic combination is the most promising method for overcoming undesirable toxicity and achieving a beneficial therapeutic outcome. Previous reports, including our study, showed certain anticancer potential of epoxyazadiradione (EAD), the neem limonoid, in different types of cancer cells, including TNBC.ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of EAD and paclitaxel against TNBC cells.MethodsWe examined the effects of EAD and paclitaxel alone and in combination in MDA‐MB 231 cells, and the percentage cytotoxicity was used to calculate synergism. Characteristic apoptotic changes were observed by visualizing cellular morphology, nuclear fragmentation and membrane integrity. We further estimated anti‐migratory potential of experimental compounds by wound healing assay. The reduction in inflammation during combinatorial treatment was evaluated by observing NF‐κB translocation.ResultsThe combined treatment with EAD (5 μM) and paclitaxel (5 nM), which were used at doses lower than their individual IC50 concentrations, showed a synergistic effect in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. This combination effectively induced apoptosis and antimigration and reduced the inflammatory reactions induced by the higher dose of paclitaxel.ConclusionTo conclude, EAD could be the drug of choice for combined treatment with paclitaxel in a chemotherapy regimen.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of epoxyazadiradione (EAD) and paclitaxel against triple‐negative breast cancer cells

Sijisha,

Anusha,

Priya

2024

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Antioxidant Scavenging of the Superoxide Radical by Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plus Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids, as Shown via DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry

Caruso,

Sakib,

Belli

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe the antioxidant capability of scavenging the superoxide radical of several tea and yerba mate samples using rotating ring–disk electrochemistry (RRDE). We directly measured superoxide concentrations and detected their decrease upon the addition of an antioxidant to the electrochemical cell. We studied two varieties of yerba mate, two varieties of black tea from Bangladesh, a sample of Pu-erh tea from China, and two components, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. All of these plant infusions and components showed strong antioxidant activities, virtually annihilating the available superoxide concentration. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we describe a mechanism of superoxide scavenging via caffeic and chlorogenic acids. Superoxide can initially interact at two sites in these acids: the H4 catechol hydrogen (a) or the acidic proton of the acid (b). For (a), caffeic acid needs an additional π–π superoxide radical, which transfers electron density to the ring and forms a HO2− anion. A second caffeic acid proton and HO2− anion forms H2O2. Chlorogenic acid acts differently, as the initial approach of superoxide to the catechol moiety (a) is enough to form the HO2− anion. After an additional acidic proton of chlorogenic acid is given to HO2−, three well-separated compounds arise: (1) a carboxylate moiety, (2) H2O2, and a (3) chlorogenic acid semiquinone. The latter can capture a second superoxide in a π–π manner, which remains trapped due to the aromatic ring, as for caffeic acid. With enough of both acids and superoxide radicals, the final products are equivalent: H2O2 plus a complex of the type [X-acid–η–O2], X = caffeic, chlorogenic. Chlorogenic acid (b) is described by the following reaction: 2 O2•− + 2 chlorogenic acid → 2 chlorogenic carboxylate + O2 + H2O2, and so, it acts as a non-enzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic, as shown via the product formation of O2 plus H2O2, which is limited due to chlorogenic acid consumption. Caffeic acid (b) differs from chlorogenic acid, as there is no acidic proton capture via superoxide. In this case, approaching a second superoxide to the H4 polyphenol moiety forms a HO2− anion and, later, an H2O2 molecule upon the transfer of a second caffeic acid proton.

show abstract

Green Pharmacy: Unveiling the Healing Potential of Medicinal Plants

Sanyal

2023

The Basic Handbook of Indian Ethnobotany and Traditional Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the heart of dense, lush jungles where sunlight filters through the emerald canopy, a profound connection between humans and nature unfolds like a sacred dance. Herbal medicines can contribute to creating a new era in healthcare by standardizing and assessing the health of chemical substances originating from plants, which can be used to treat human ailments in the future. Within the tribe, nature is not merely a backdrop but an esteemed teacher. Through generations, indigenous communities have cultivated an intimate knowledge of the flora and fauna around them, learning from the jungle’s wisdom. Most of the naturally occurring sources whose active chemicals are used today have an ethnomedical application. As a result, many pharmaceutical companies have recently updated their approaches to natural product research to find new compounds and possible sources for medication development. Thus, the purpose of this review is to explain the practice of treating a variety of diseases with medicinal plants and knowledge of the Conservation of these nature-gifted pharmacies.

show abstract

Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Synergistic effects of epoxyazadiradione (EAD) and paclitaxel against triple‐negative breast cancer cells

Synergistic effects of epoxyazadiradione (EAD) and paclitaxel against triple‐negative breast cancer cells

Antioxidant Scavenging of the Superoxide Radical by Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plus Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids, as Shown via DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry

Green Pharmacy: Unveiling the Healing Potential of Medicinal Plants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About