Abstract:Seven days after transection of the sciatic nerve NADPH-diaphorase activity increased in the small and medium neurons of the dorsal root ganglia of the turtle. However, this increase was observed only in medium neurons for up to 90 days. At this time a bilateral increase of NADPH-diaphorase staining was observed in all areas and neuronal types of the dorsal horn, and in positive motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord, ipsilateral to the lesion. A similar increase was also demonstrable in spinal glial and endoth… Show more
“…The possibility of colocalization of CB with TH, NOS, and ChAT was suggested by the distribution of these proteins in the spinal cord of turtles (Brü ning et al, 1994;Kiehn et al, 1992;Luthman et al, 1991;Partata et al, 1999;Powers and Reiner, 1993;Radmilovich et al, 1997). The analysis of these colocalizations is of importance in the comparative scope insofar as different degrees of colocalization were found in the few species studied (Fahandejsaadi et al, 2004;Gamboa-Esteves et al, 2001;Morona et al, 2006a,b).…”
Section: Colocalization Of Cb With Th Nos and Chatmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, to further characterize the CBir cell populations in the turtle spinal cord, double immunohistochemistry was used to study colocalization of CB with nitric oxide synthase (NOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and TH. This last set of experiments was prompted by the observation in previous studies that these markers were also found in similar neuronal populations of the spinal cord of turtles (Brü ning et al, 1994;Kiehn et al, 1992;Luthman et al, 1991;Partata et al, 1999;Powers and Reiner, 1993;Radmilovich et al, 1997;Smeets and Gonzá lez, 2000) and colocalization was found or suggested in the human, rat, lizard, and anuran spinal cord (Fahandejsaadi et al, 2004;Gamboa-Esteves et al, 2001;Grkovic and Anderson, 1997;Morona et al, 2006a,b).…”
Neurons and fibers containing the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28k (CB) were studied by immunohistochemical techniques in the spinal cord of adult and juvenile turtles, Pseudemys scripta elegans. Abundant cell bodies and fibers immunoreactive for CB were widely and distinctly distributed throughout the spinal cord. Most neurons and fibers were labeled in the superficial dorsal horn, but numerous cells were also located in the intermediate gray and ventral horn. In the dorsal horn, most CB-containing cells were located in close relation to the synaptic fields formed by primary afferents, which were not labeled for CB. Double immunohistofluorescence demonstrated distinct cell populations in the dorsal horn labeled only for CB or nitric oxide synthase, whereas in the dorsal part of the ventral horn colocalization of nitric oxide synthase was found in about 6% of the CB-immunoreactive cells in this region. Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry revealed that only about 2% of the neurons in the dorsal part of the ventral horn colocalized CB, whereas motoneurons were not CB-immunoreactive. The involvement of CB-containing neurons in ascending spinal projections to the thalamus, tegmentum, and reticular formation was demonstrated combining the retrograde transport of dextran amines and immunohistochemistry. Similar experiments demonstrated supraspinal projections from CB-containing cells mainly located in the reticular formation but also in the thalamus and the vestibular nucleus. The revealed organization of the neurons and fibers containing CB in the spinal cord of the turtle shares distribution and developmental features, colocalization with other neuronal markers, and connectivity with other tetrapods and, in particular with mammals.
“…The possibility of colocalization of CB with TH, NOS, and ChAT was suggested by the distribution of these proteins in the spinal cord of turtles (Brü ning et al, 1994;Kiehn et al, 1992;Luthman et al, 1991;Partata et al, 1999;Powers and Reiner, 1993;Radmilovich et al, 1997). The analysis of these colocalizations is of importance in the comparative scope insofar as different degrees of colocalization were found in the few species studied (Fahandejsaadi et al, 2004;Gamboa-Esteves et al, 2001;Morona et al, 2006a,b).…”
Section: Colocalization Of Cb With Th Nos and Chatmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, to further characterize the CBir cell populations in the turtle spinal cord, double immunohistochemistry was used to study colocalization of CB with nitric oxide synthase (NOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and TH. This last set of experiments was prompted by the observation in previous studies that these markers were also found in similar neuronal populations of the spinal cord of turtles (Brü ning et al, 1994;Kiehn et al, 1992;Luthman et al, 1991;Partata et al, 1999;Powers and Reiner, 1993;Radmilovich et al, 1997;Smeets and Gonzá lez, 2000) and colocalization was found or suggested in the human, rat, lizard, and anuran spinal cord (Fahandejsaadi et al, 2004;Gamboa-Esteves et al, 2001;Grkovic and Anderson, 1997;Morona et al, 2006a,b).…”
Neurons and fibers containing the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D28k (CB) were studied by immunohistochemical techniques in the spinal cord of adult and juvenile turtles, Pseudemys scripta elegans. Abundant cell bodies and fibers immunoreactive for CB were widely and distinctly distributed throughout the spinal cord. Most neurons and fibers were labeled in the superficial dorsal horn, but numerous cells were also located in the intermediate gray and ventral horn. In the dorsal horn, most CB-containing cells were located in close relation to the synaptic fields formed by primary afferents, which were not labeled for CB. Double immunohistofluorescence demonstrated distinct cell populations in the dorsal horn labeled only for CB or nitric oxide synthase, whereas in the dorsal part of the ventral horn colocalization of nitric oxide synthase was found in about 6% of the CB-immunoreactive cells in this region. Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry revealed that only about 2% of the neurons in the dorsal part of the ventral horn colocalized CB, whereas motoneurons were not CB-immunoreactive. The involvement of CB-containing neurons in ascending spinal projections to the thalamus, tegmentum, and reticular formation was demonstrated combining the retrograde transport of dextran amines and immunohistochemistry. Similar experiments demonstrated supraspinal projections from CB-containing cells mainly located in the reticular formation but also in the thalamus and the vestibular nucleus. The revealed organization of the neurons and fibers containing CB in the spinal cord of the turtle shares distribution and developmental features, colocalization with other neuronal markers, and connectivity with other tetrapods and, in particular with mammals.
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