Axonal Transport of Glycoconjugates in the Rat Visual System

Gammon, Charles M.; Goodrum, Jeffry F.; Toews, Arrel D.; Okabe, Akinobu; Morell, Pierre

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05427.x

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Columns were randomly checked during the course of the experiment and elution volumes for standards remained constant. Results of the calibration were consistent with those reported previously (Gammon et al, 1985). We assumed that much of the neutral glycolipid, reported by Aquino et al (19856) to be present in the axonally transported material of sensory neurons, would be removed in the solvent-aqueous partitions.…”

Section: Extraction and Separation Of Glycoconjugatessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Both glycoproteins and gangliosides were isolated from each individual nerve segment. Gangliosides were extracted by a modification (Gammon et al, 1985) of the method of Ledeen and Yu (1978). Lyophilized DRG and nerve segments were sequentially extracted with 2 ml of CHC13/ CH30H/H20 (38:19:3) and 1 ml of CHCI3/CH3OH/H20 (19:38:3).…”

Section: Extraction and Separation Of Glycoconjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty micrograms of a mixed ganglioside standard were added and the sample was applied to a LH-20 lipophilic Sephadex column (1.5 X 25 cm). After the sample had entered the column, CH30H was applied and the ganglioside containing eluant (see below) was collected and evaporated prior to determination of radioactivity in a xylene-based scintillation cocktail (Gammon et al, 1985).…”

Section: Extraction and Separation Of Glycoconjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48, (1987. In the visual system, gangliosides synthesized by retinal ganglion cells from intraocularly injected sugars are rapidly transported to the nerve endings of the optic pathway (Forman et al, 197 1;Forman and Ledeen, 1972;Rosner, 1975;Ledeen et al, 1976Ledeen et al, , 1981Landa et al, 1979;Rosner and Merz, 1982;Gammon et al, 1985). Studies that employed nerve ligation techniques to examine ganglioside transport in the peripheral nervous system demonstrated an accumulation of radioactive gangliosides proximal to sciatic nerve ligature following injection of labeled precursors into the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or the ventral spinal cord (Yates et al, 1984;Aquino et al, 1985a,b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axonal Transport Characteristics of Gangliosides in Sensory Axons of Rat Sciatic Nerve

Gj¹,

Jf²,

et al. 1987

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The distribution of axonally transported gangliosides and glycoproteins along the sciatic nerve was examined from 3 h to 4 weeks following injection of[3H]glucosamine into the fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion of adult rats. Incorporation of labeled precursor into these glycoconjugates reached a maximal level in the ganglion within 6 h. Outflow patterns of radioactivity for glycoproteins showed a well-defined crest with a transport rate of approximately 330 mm/day. In contrast, the crest of transported gangliosides was continuously attenuated, implying a significant deposition along the axon, and an alternative method of calculating velocity was required. Analysis of accumulation of labeled material at double ligatures demonstrated both anterograde and retrograde transport of glycoproteins and gangliosides and allowed for the calculation of an anterograde transport rate of about 270 mm/day for each. Additional evidence of ganglioside transport is provided in that the TLC pattern of transported radioactive gangliosides accumulating at a ligature is significantly different from the pattern seen in the dorsal root ganglion or following intraneural administration of the labeled precursor. These data indicate that gangliosides are transported at the same rapid rate as glycoproteins but are subject to a more extensive exchange with stationary material than are glycoproteins.

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Section: Extraction and Separation Of Glycoconjugatessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Extraction and Separation Of Glycoconjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction and Separation Of Glycoconjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axonal Transport Characteristics of Gangliosides in Sensory Axons of Rat Sciatic Nerve

Gj¹,

Jf²,

et al. 1987

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Our previous studies on pronase digests of transported molecules have shown that both chondroitin sulfate (4 or 6) and heparan sulfate undergo axonal transport in the goldfish optic nerve (16,17) and the garfish olfactory nerve (18,19). Axonal transport of the same two glycosaminoglycans has been reported in a similar study on the rat optic nerve (20).…”

Section: Ripellino and E|ammentioning

confidence: 80%

Axonal transport of proteoglycans to the goldfish optic tectum

Ripellino

Elam

1988

Neurochem Res

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The study addressed the question of whether 35SO4 labeled molecules that have been delivered to the goldfish optic nerve terminals by rapid axonal transport include soluble proteoglycans. For analysis, tectal homogenates were subfractionated into a soluble fraction (soluble after centrifugation at 105,000 g), a lysis fraction (soluble after treatment with hypotonic buffer followed by centrifugation at 105,000 g) and a final 105,000 g pellet fraction. The soluble fraction contained 25.7% of incorporated radioactivity and upon DEAE chromatography was resolved into a fraction of sulfated glycoproteins eluting at 0-0.32 M NaCl and containing 39.5% of total soluble label and a fraction eluting at 0.32-0.60 M NaCl containing 53.9% of soluble label. This latter fraction was included on columns of Sepharose CL-6B with or without 4 M guanidine and after pronase digestion was found to have 51% of its radioactivity contained in the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and chondroitin (4 or 6) sulfate in the ratio of 70% to 30%. Mobility of both intact proteoglycans and constituent GAGs on Sepharose CL-6B indicated a size distribution that is smaller than has been observed for proteoglycans and GAGs from cultured neuronal cell lines. Similar analysis of lysis fraction, containing 11.5% of incorporated 35SO4, showed a mixture of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate containing proteoglycans, apparent free heparan sulfate and few, if any, sulfated glycoproteins. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that soluble proteoglycans are among the molecules axonally transported in the visual system.

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Expression of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the path of growing retinal axons in the developing chick

McAdams

McLoon

1995

J of Comparative Neurology

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Previous investigations have identified proteoglycans in the central nervous system during development and have implicated some proteoglycans as axon guidance molecules that act by inhibiting axon extension. The present study investigated the pattern of immunoreactivity for several glycosaminoglycans common to certain proteoglycans relative to growing retinal axons in the developing chick visual system and in retinal explant cultures. Immunostaining for chondroitin-6-sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and keratan sulfate was observed to colocalize with retinal axons throughout the retinofugal pathway during the entire period of retinal axon growth. The proteoglycan form of collagen IX, however, was only observed in the retina, primarily peripheral to the areas with actively growing axons. The pattern of immunostaining for chondroitin sulfate in tissue sections suggested that the retinal axons might be a source for some of the chondroitin sulfate immunostaining in the developing visual pathway. This was confirmed in that chondroitin sulfate immunostaining was also observed on neurites emanating from cultured retinal explants. These findings indicate that retinal axons grow in the presence of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycans and that these proteoglycans in the developing chick visual pathway have functions other than to inhibit axon growth.

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Axonal Transport of Glycoconjugates in the Rat Visual System

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Axonal Transport Characteristics of Gangliosides in Sensory Axons of Rat Sciatic Nerve

Axonal Transport Characteristics of Gangliosides in Sensory Axons of Rat Sciatic Nerve

Axonal transport of proteoglycans to the goldfish optic tectum

Expression of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the path of growing retinal axons in the developing chick

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