Axonal mapping of the motor cranial nerves

Tereshenko, Vlad; Maierhofer, Udo; Dotzauer, Dominik C.; Laengle, Gregor; Politikou, Olga; Rojas, Genova Carrero; Festin, Christopher; Luft, Matthias; Jaklin, Florian J.; Hruby, Laura A.; Gohritz, Andreas; Farina, Dario; Blumer, Roland; Bergmeister, Konstantin D.

doi:10.3389/fnana.2023.1198042

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A recent study has demonstrated that ZM muscle innervation is at 10% composed by ANS fibers (vs 3.9% for CS) (Tereshenko et al, 2023). Thus, in our study, implicit ANS response to sounds emotional content could also be reflected in ZM reactivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

‘My face is listening to your smile’: Emotional contagion to vocal smile revealed by combined pupil reactivity and motor resonance

Merchie,

Ranty,

Aguillon-Hernandez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Interaction between the different components of emotional contagion (i.e. emotional state and facial motor resonance), whether during implicit or explicit appraisal of emotion remains controversial. The aim of this study was i) to separate between these components thanks to vocal smile processing and ii) to estimate how they reflect implicit processes and/or an explicit appraisal loop. Emotional contagion to discrete vocal emotions was studied in 25 adults, through motor resonance and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) reactivity. Facial expressions (fEMG: facial electromyography) and pupil dilation were assessed during processing and judgement of artificially emotionally modified sentences. fEMG revealed that Zygomaticus major was reactive to perceived sounds valence while Corrugator supercilii activity rather reflected explicit judgement. Timing analysis of pupil dilation provided further insight into both the emotional state and the implicit and explicit processing of vocal emotion, showing an early activity for emotional stimuli compared to neutral ones, followed by variations based on sounds valence, and by a late additional increase of pupil diameter depending on judgement. This innovative combination of these electrophysiological measures shed new light on the debated central and peripherical views within the framework of emotional contagion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

‘My face is listening to your smile’: Emotional contagion to vocal smile revealed by combined pupil reactivity and motor resonance

Merchie,

Ranty,

Aguillon-Hernandez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Although the sensory component of the facial nerve (CN VII) innervates the external ear and the tongue [49,50] not the skin on the face, we considered sensory feedback to be an intuitive measure of facial nerve health. Indeed recent research suggests that sensory axons in the face play an important role in maintaining facial muscle tone [51]. In patients with intact cutaneous sensory feedback, eye closure was consistently shown to increase with injected charge at various electrode placements around the eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionic blink improves real-time eye closure in unilateral facial paralysis

Cervera-Negueruela,

Chee,

Cimolato

et al. 2024

J. Neural Eng.

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Facial paralysis is the inability to move facial muscles thereby impairing the ability to blink and make facial expressions. Depending on the localization of the nerve malfunction it is subcategorised into central or peripheral and is usually unilateral. This leads to health deficits stemming from corneal dryness and social ostracization. Electrical stimulation shows promise as a method through which to restore the blink function and as a result improve eye health. However, it is unknown whether a real-time, closed-loop, neurostimulating device can be used as assistance to this pathological condition. We developed NEURO-BLINK, a wearable robotic system, that can detect the volitional healthy contralateral blink through electromyography and electrically stimulate the impaired subcutaneous facial nerve and orbicularis oculi muscle to compensate for lost blink function. Alongside the system, we developed a method to evaluate optimal electrode placement through the relationship between blink amplitude and injected charge. Ten patients with unilateral facial palsy were enrolled in the NEURO-BLINK study, with 8 completing testing under two conditions. 1) where the stimulation was cued with an auditory signal (i.e. open-loop) and 2) synchronized with the natural blink (i.e. closed-loop). In both scenarios, overall eye closure (distance between eyelids) and cornea coverage measured with high FPS video were found to significantly improve when measured in real-time, while no significant clinical changes were found immediately after use. This work takes steps towards the development of a portable medical device for blink restoration and facial stimulation which has the potential to improve long-term ocular health.

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Axonal profiling of the common fibular nerve and its branches: Their functional composition and clinical implications

Kim,

Cho,

Kim

et al. 2024

Clinical Anatomy

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The articular branch (Arb) from the common fibular nerve (CFN) plays a pivotal role in procedures such as genicular nerve blocks since it extensively innervates the anterolateral knee joint. It remains unclear whether the Arb can be classified as purely sensory, and understanding its axonal composition is critical to prevent muscle weakness during nerve blocks. We conducted a histological analysis on six cadaveric nerve specimens (four males and two females; mean age at death, 81.3 years old). The axonal composition of the main trunk of the CFN, the deep and superficial fibular nerves (DFN and SFN), and the Arb was verified through double immunofluorescence labeling with antibodies against neurofilament 200 and choline acetyltransferase. We revealed that the DFN contains motor and sensory fascicles that serve the anterior muscular compartment of the leg, including the fibularis longus and the first web space of the foot. Moreover, we showed that the SFN includes a major sensory branch innervating the skin of the lateral leg and the dorsum of the foot and a minor motor branch for the lateral muscular compartment of the leg. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Abr contains a major sensory branch that targets the infrapatellar fat pad, the knee joint, and a minor motor branch innervating the superior part of the anterior muscular compartment of the leg. Thus, our study proves that the Arb is a motor–sensory mixed nerve, suggesting that an Arb block may significantly weaken the anterior leg muscles.

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Axonal mapping of the motor cranial nerves

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

‘My face is listening to your smile’: Emotional contagion to vocal smile revealed by combined pupil reactivity and motor resonance

‘My face is listening to your smile’: Emotional contagion to vocal smile revealed by combined pupil reactivity and motor resonance

Bionic blink improves real-time eye closure in unilateral facial paralysis

Axonal profiling of the common fibular nerve and its branches: Their functional composition and clinical implications

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