Axon guidance at the midline of the developing CNS

Kaprielian, Zaven; Imondi, Ralph; Runko, Erik

doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20001015)261:5<176::aid-ar7>3.0.co;2-r

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…MicroRNA was recently discovered to serve as another level of regulators for these chemical cues and related signalling pathways (Chiu et al, 2014; Iyer et al., 2014). Axon guidance crossing CNS midline in developing spinal cord, the cortico-spinal tract (CST) and the corpus callosum is guided mainly by short-range cues derived from the midline structure and the neighbouring pioneer axons (Kaprielian et al, 2000; Nishikimi et al, 2013). …”

Section: Synaptogenesis and Neural Circuit Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular introduction to brain development

Jiang

Nardelli

2016

Neurobiology of Disease

135

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Advances in the study of brain development over the last decades, especially recent findings regarding the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex, and large-scale analyses of the proteome/transcriptome in the human brain, have offered novel insights into the molecular mechanisms guiding neural maturation, and the pathophysiology of multiple forms of neurological disorders. As a preamble to reviews of this issue, we provide an overview of the cellular, molecular and genetic bases of brain development with an emphasis on the major mechanisms associated with landmarks of normal neural development in the embryonic stage and early postnatal life, including neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, cortical neuronal migration, evolution and folding of the cerebral cortex, synaptogenesis and neural circuit development, gliogenesis and myelination. We will only briefly depict developmental disorders that result from perturbations of these cellular or molecular mechanisms, and the most common perinatal brain injuries that could disturb normal brain development.

show abstract

Section: Synaptogenesis and Neural Circuit Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular introduction to brain development

Jiang

Nardelli

2016

Neurobiology of Disease

135

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, newly differentiated motorneurons send their axons into the periphery toward the target muscle fibres [65]. Once at the body wall, each axon then selects the correct muscle(s) with which to synapse [66, 67].…”

Section: Neurexin and Neuroligin Mediate Maturation Of The Nmj In Dromentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurexins and Neuroligins: Recent Insights from Invertebrates

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During brain development, each neuron must find and synapse with the correct pre-and postsynaptic partners. The complexity of these connections and the relatively large distances some neurons must send their axons to find the correct partners makes studying brain development one of the most challenging, and yet fascinating disciplines in biology. Furthermore, once the initial connections have been made, the neurons constantly remodel their dendritic and axonal arbours in response to changing demands. Neurexin and neuroligin are two cell adhesion molecules identified as important regulators of this process. The importance of these genes in the development and modulation of synaptic connectivity is emphasised by the observation that mutations in these genes in humans have been associated with cognitive disorders such as Autism spectrum disorders, Tourette syndrome and Schizophrenia. The present review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of these genes in synaptic development and modulation, and in particular, we will focus on recent work in invertebrate models, and how these results relate to studies in mammals.

show abstract

“…First, in the chick, the SCO develops early, between E2.5 and E3 (Schoebitz et al 1986;Didier et al 1992Didier et al , 2007, and PC pioneering axons start to cross the midline at E3 (Figdor and Stern 1993;Chedotal et al 1995). Second, the SCO is located in the dorsal midline of the brain, the midline of the developing brain being an important "choice point" or "intermediate target" for pathfinding axons (Kaprielian et al 2000Dickson 2002;Williams et al 2004). Third, a close spatial relationship exists between the basal processes of SCO cells and PC pioneering axons; moreover, several authors have reported evidence suggesting the release of SCO secretory material into perivascular or leptomeningeal spaces (Oksche 1962;Losecke et al 1986;Fernandez-Llebrez et al 1987;Peruzzo et al 1990), although no conclusive evidence exists for a basal route of release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various lines of evidence suggest the involvement of the SCO in PC formation: (1) in the chick, SCO differentiation occurs at E2.5-E3 (Schoebitz et al 1986;Didier et al 1992Didier et al , 2007 concomitantly with the crossing of pioneering axons of the PC (Figdor and Stern 1993;Chedotal et al 1995), although such temporal coincidence does not occur in rodent species (Schoebitz et al 1993); (2) the SCO is located in the dorsal midline and the role of this midline as an intermediate target in the axonal pathway is widely accepted (Kaprielian et al 2000Dickson 2002;Williams et al 2004); (3) data from various null mutant mice indicate that animals lacking SCO or with SCO alterations fail to form a normal PC (Louvi and Wassef 2000;Estivill-Torrus et al 2001;Fernandez-Llebrez et al 2004;Ramos et al 2004); (4) SCO-spondin belongs to the thrombospondin superfamily, sharing type 2 TSR domains with molecules implicated in axonal pathfinding during ependymalnervous system development, such as Rspondin, F-spondin, mindin and semaphorins (Feinstein and Klar 2004;Kamata et al 2004;Meiniel and Meiniel 2007);(5) in vitro experiments on SCO-conditioned medium, RF solubilized compounds or synthetic peptides derived from SCO-spondin have shown, in various cell culture systems, the potential role of SCO-spondin in neuronal survival and aggregation and in neurite outgrowth (Monnerie et al , 1997(Monnerie et al , 1998El-Bitar et al 2001); (5) SCO-spondin is mainly expressed by two midline structures, viz. the SCO (Creveaux et al 1998;Gobron et al 2000) and the rostral floor plate, albeit only during certain stages of embryonic development (Lichtenfeld et al 1999;Richter et al 2001;Guiñazú et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subcommissural organ and the development of the posterior commissure in chick embryos

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The subcommissural organ (SCO) is an ependymal differentiation located in the diencephalon under the posterior commissure (PC). SCO-spondin, a glycoprotein released by the SCO, belongs to the thrombospondin superfamily and shares molecular domains with axonal pathfinding molecules. Several lines of evidence suggest a relationship between the SCO and the development of the PC in the chick: (1) their close location to each other, (2) their differentiation at the same developmental stage in the chick, (3) the abnormal PC found in null mutants lacking an SCO and (4) the release by the SCO of SCO-spondin. By application of DiI crystals in the PC of chick embryos, we have identified the neurons that give rise to the PC. Labelling is confined to the magnocellular nucleus of the PC (MNPC). To gain insight into the role of the SCO in PC development, coculture experiments of explants of the MNPC region (MNPCr) from embryos at embryonic day 4 (E4) with SCO explants from E4 or E13 embryos have been performed and the neurite outgrowth from the MNPCr explants has been analysed. In the case of coculture of E4 MNPCr with E4 SCO, the number of neurites growing from the MNPCr is higher at the side facing the SCO. However, when E4 MNPCr and E13 SCO are cocultured, the neurites grow mostly at the side opposite to the SCO. These data suggest that, at early stages of development, the SCO releases some attractive or permissive molecule(s) for the growing of the PC, whereas at later stages, the SCO has a repulsive effect over neurites arising from MNPCr.

show abstract

Axon guidance at the midline of the developing CNS

Cited by 40 publications

References 78 publications

Cellular and molecular introduction to brain development

Cellular and molecular introduction to brain development

Neurexins and Neuroligins: Recent Insights from Invertebrates

The subcommissural organ and the development of the posterior commissure in chick embryos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About