Axon bundle spacing in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human brain

Rosa, Enrica Di; Crow, Timothy J.; Chance, Steven A.

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2008.01.018

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…An increase in neuron number in POC over ACC is consistent with postmortem anatomical studies in monkeys, which found more densely packed neurons in POC when compared to surrounding areas (Hof and Morrison, 1995; Lewis and Van Essen, 2000). Postmortem human studies found more widely spaced bundles of larger neurons (possibly resulting in fewer neurons per unit volume) in ACC when compared to other brain areas including parietal and occipital cortices (von Bonin and Mehler, 1971; Kenan-Vaknin et al, 1992; Schlaug et al, 1995; Di Rosa et al, 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The two regions are anatomically and functionally connected as part of the default mode network (Gusnard and Raichle 2001). The anatomical characteristics of these two regions of cortex have been described postmortem in humans (von Bonin and Mehler, 1971; Kenan-Vaknin et al, 1992; Schlaug et al, 1995; Vogt et al, 1995; Di Rosa et al, 2008) and non-human primates (Hof and Morrison, 1995; Melchitzky et al, 1998; Lewis and Van Essen, 2000), as well as a number of other animal models including rodents (Akers and Killackey, 1978; Gabbott and Bacon, 1996), bats (Morgane et al, 1988), and even dolphins (Morgane et al, 1988). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain metabolite concentrations across cortical regions in healthy adults

et al. 2011

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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can provide in vivo information about metabolite levels across multiple brain regions. This study used MRS to examine concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity and function, and choline (Cho) which is related to the amount of cell membrane per unit volume, in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and parieto-occipital cortex (POC) in healthy individuals. Data were drawn from two experiments which examined glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. After controlling for gray matter percentages, NAA/Creatine (Cr) was 18% higher in POC than in ACC (p<0.001); Cho/Cr was 46% lower in POC than in ACC (p<0.001). There was an effect of study (p<0.001 for both metabolites), but no region by study interaction (NAA p=0.101, Cho p=0.850). Since NAA is localized to the intracellular space, these data suggest that ACC neuronal compartment is reduced as compared with POC, or that there is a lower concentration of NAA per cell in the ACC than POC, or both. Since elevated Cho suggests more cell membrane per unit volume, reduced NAA in ACC appears to be coupled with increases in overall cell membrane compartment. These findings are consistent with a number of previous studies using proton MRS which found increasing NAA and decreasing Cho moving caudally, and with post mortem anatomical studies which found neurons in more widely spaced bundles in ACC when compared to parietal and occipital cortices. MRS may be a useful tool for studying physical properties of the living human brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain metabolite concentrations across cortical regions in healthy adults

et al. 2011

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“…Specifically, higher anisotropy of the cingulum bundle (CGG, CGH) and several frontal and occipital WM regions were associated with faster performance. The cingulum bundle is a major fiber tract that connects limbic and cortical brain regions, including the thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (Croxson et al, 2005; Di Rosa et al, 2008; Goldman-Rakic et al, 1984). Reduced FA of the cingulum in schizophrenia is a common finding (Wheeler and Voineskos, 2014) and it is linked to poorer ability to orient attention (Nestor et al, 2007), including longer reaction-times during the Stroop task (Takei et al, 2009) and with higher reaction time variability (Roalf et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter microstructure in schizophrenia: Associations to neurocognition and clinical symptomatology

Roalf

Gur

Verma

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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Background Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in schizophrenia report widespread aberrations in brain white matter (WM). These appear related to poorer neurocognitive performance and higher levels of negative and positive symptomatology. However, identification of the most salient WM aberrations to neurocognition and clinical symptoms is limited by relatively small samples with divergent results. Methods We examined 53 well-characterized patients with schizophrenia and 62 healthy controls. All participants were administered a computerized neurocognitive battery, which evaluated performance in several domains. Patients were assessed for negative and positive symptoms. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of WM cortical regions and WM fiber tracts were compared across the groups. FA values were also used to predict neurocognitive performance and symptoms. Results We confirm widespread aberrant WM microstructure in a relatively large sample of well-characterized patients with schizophrenia in comparison to healthy participants. Moreover, we illustrate the utility of FA measures in predicting global neurocognitive performance in healthy participants and schizophrenia patients, especially for reaction time. FA was less predictive of clinical symptomatology. Conclusions Using a standardized computerized neurocognitive battery and diffusion tensor imaging we show that behavioral performance is moderated by a particular constellation of WM microstructure in healthy individuals that differs in schizophrenia.

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“…Minicolumn regions of interest (ROIs) were defined as having a width of 60 μm, twice the size of minicolumns previous reported (Di Rosa et al, 2008). The density of cells within column regions was automatically counted: only cells with an area of 100–350 μm 2 , and those that did not touch the edges of the defined column, were included in quantification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social, Communication, and Cortical Structural Impairments in Epac2-Deficient Mice

et al. 2012

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Deficits in social and communication behaviors are common features of a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the molecular and cellular substrates of these higher order brain functions are not well understood. Here we report that specific alterations in social and communication behaviors in mice occur as a result of loss of the EPAC2 gene, which encodes a protein kinase A-independent cyclic AMP target. Epac2-deficient mice exhibited robust deficits in social interactions and ultrasonic vocalizations, but displayed normal olfaction, working and reference memory, motor abilities, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors. Epac2-deficient mice displayed abnormal columnar organization in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region implicated in social behavior in humans, but not in somatosensory cortex. In vivo two-photon imaging revealed reduced dendritic spine motility and density on cortical neurons in Epac2-deficient mice, indicating deficits at the synaptic level. Taken together, these findings provide novel insight into the molecular and cellular substrates of social and communication behavior.

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Axon bundle spacing in the anterior cingulate cortex of the human brain

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Brain metabolite concentrations across cortical regions in healthy adults

Brain metabolite concentrations across cortical regions in healthy adults

White matter microstructure in schizophrenia: Associations to neurocognition and clinical symptomatology

Social, Communication, and Cortical Structural Impairments in Epac2-Deficient Mice

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